2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.017
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Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

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Cited by 1,194 publications
(526 citation statements)
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“…The carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits which relate to the lifetime of a diesel engine. After filtration or degumming processes, the rate of carbon residue [35,98] ranges from 0.2 %wt to 0.3 %wt, which remains below the maximum value limit of 0.4 %wt given by the pre-standard specifications [99]. The higher heating value of vegetable oil is a measurement to assess its energy content.…”
Section: Discarded Characteristic Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits which relate to the lifetime of a diesel engine. After filtration or degumming processes, the rate of carbon residue [35,98] ranges from 0.2 %wt to 0.3 %wt, which remains below the maximum value limit of 0.4 %wt given by the pre-standard specifications [99]. The higher heating value of vegetable oil is a measurement to assess its energy content.…”
Section: Discarded Characteristic Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nonetheless, it can be used in both DG and TG (Singh and Singh, 2010). The protonation of carbonyl group of the ester leads to the carbonation, and nucleophilic attack of the alcohol produces a tetrahedral intermediary product (Singh and Singh, 2010), which eradicates glycerol to form a new ester and to regenerate the catalyst. Hence, acid is used when water and FFA of the triglycerides are high.…”
Section: Acidic Transesterificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The volumetric energy density is quite low; it can cause dilution of engine lubricant oil, requiring more frequent oil change than in standard diesel-fueled engines. A modified refuelling infrastructure is needed to handle biodiesels, which adds to their total cost (Singh and Singh, 2010). These technological challenges have not been addressed in Nigeria.…”
Section: Technological Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It can be producedfrom vegetable oil and animal fats. Oils or fats are basically triglycerides which are composed of three long-chain fatty acids [6] [7]. These oils or triglycerides cannot be used as fuel because of high viscosity.…”
Section: Biodiesel Overviewmentioning
confidence: 99%