Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In  Batch Reactor

Widiarti, Nuni; Haq, Ismi Arinal; Mahatmanti, F. Widhi; Harjito, Harjito; Kurniawan, Chandra; Suprapto, S.; Prasetyoko, Didik

doi:10.15294/jbat.v7i2.14925

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Esterification reaction is a very important reaction in organic synthesis [30]. The conventional synthesis includes the reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids [31,32], acid anhydrides [33], and acyl chlorides [34], or transesterification [35] and Prins reaction [36]. However, their applicability was limited to the synthesis of pyrrole esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors

Fan

Chu

Tian

et al. 2022

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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In order to develop the high‐temperature‐released pyrrole aroma, two novel flavors precursors of methyl 2‐methyl‐5‐(((2‐methylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl)‐1‐propyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate and methyl 2‐methyl‐5‐(((2‐methylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl)‐1‐propyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate were synthesized using glucosamine hydrochloride and methyl acetoacetate as raw materials through cyclization, oxidation, alkylation, reduction, and esterification. The target compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) methods were used to analyze the heating‐stability of the target compounds, and the pyrolysis mechanism was inferred. Py‐GC/MS results indicated that some fragrance compounds were formed during thermal degradation such as 2‐methylbutyric acid, 2‐methylbutyrate, alkylpyrroles, and benzoic acid, which were important aroma components or flavor additives. This provided a theoretical reference for the application of pyrrole ester in cigarette and heat‐processed food flavoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors

Fan

Chu

Tian

et al. 2022

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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“…However, temperature and oil-methanol molar ratio were 60°C and 1:6 have biodiesel viscosity of 12.638 and 12.934, respectively where is slightly lower than other varied temperature and oil-methanol molar ratio. A higher biodiesel density could also be caused by unsuccessful conversion from triglyceride to methyl ester that has a lower density than triglyceride [49]. At certain biodiesel concentrations (lower concentration), a hydroxy group of mono-or diglyceride caused a strong hydrogen bond formation so increases the viscosity between triglyceride molecules as same as increases the biodiesel density [50].…”

Section: Viscosity Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Mg-Al/hydrotalcite Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Avocado Seed Oils: A Preliminary Study

Firdaus¹,

Fitriany²,

Hidayah³

et al. 2019

J.Kim.Terap.Indones.

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Biodiesel production of avocado seed oils has been carried out using the heterogeneous catalyst of Mg-Al/hydrotalcite. Transesterification process was conducted by varying temperature reaction and oil-methanol molar ratio. The reaction temperature was 30, 40, 50, and 60°C, whereas the oil-methanol molar ratio was 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, and 1:12, respectively. As-synthesized Mg-Al/hydrotalcite catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction and FTIR. Meanwhile, the biodiesel was analyzed their density, viscosity, water content and 1H-NMR analysis. The results showed that optimum condition in biodiesel production was oil-methanol molar ratio of 1:6 at a reaction temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes and catalyst quantity of 2% yielding biodiesel conversion percentage was approximately 15.90%. However, this preliminary findings showed that Mg-Al/hydrotalcite was able to convert the avocado seed oils into biodiesel even if still need further analysis and research so that produces a higher percentage of biodiesel conversion.

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“…Esterification reaction is a very important reaction in organic synthesis 15 . The conventional synthesis includes the reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids, 16 acid anhydrides 17 and acyl chlorides, 18 or transesterification 19 . Additionally, Py‐GC/MS method has been widely used in many fields for its advantages of less sample consumption, high‐separation efficiency and good reproducibility 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 The conventional synthesis includes the reactions of alcohols with carboxylic acids, 16 acid anhydrides 17 and acyl chlorides, 18 or transesterification. 19 Additionally, Py-GC/MS method has been widely used in many fields for its advantages of less sample consumption, high-separation efficiency and good reproducibility. 20 This method could also be used to predict the thermal cracking mechanism of cigarette and their flavour additives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and pyrolysis of ethyl maltol ester

Dong

Pan

et al. 2023

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Ethyl maltol is one of the most important aromatic components in food and cigarettes because of its caramel flavour. However, the development of ethyl maltol is limited by problems such as heavy smell, low threshold, strong volatility and poor stability. In order to develop a new class of high‐temperature resistance and caramel flavours for cigarettes, eight new ethyl maltol flavours were synthesized using the reaction of ethyl maltol with a carboxylic acid. The target compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). By gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐olfactometer (GC–MS‐O), the aroma characteristics of esters were evaluated. Four compounds with strong aroma were conducted with thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) to analyse their heating stability. TG–DTG results showed that the degradation temperature of ethyl maltol esters was significantly higher than that of ethyl maltol, which could effectively slow down the volatilization of ethyl maltol. Py‐GC/MS results showed that a large amount of ethyl maltol and many esters with aroma were formed during thermal degradation of the four compounds at 300°C, 350°C and 400°C. The above results show that the esterification of ethyl maltol was a good strategy to slow release flavours, and ethyl maltol ester latent aroma compounds have significant applications in high‐temperature processed food and tobacco. This work may provide a new method to improve the stability of spices and expand their multifunctional application.

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Biodiesel Synthesis From Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO.SrO Catalyst By Transesterification Reaction In Batch Reactor

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors

Synthesis and pyrolysis of two novel pyrrole ester flavor precursors

Use of Mg-Al/hydrotalcite Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Avocado Seed Oils: A Preliminary Study

Synthesis and pyrolysis of ethyl maltol ester

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