Biodiversity and Bio-Resource Capacity of Marine Environment in the Adaptive Model of the Ecological-Economic System Coast-Sea

Abstract

The adaptive model of managing consumption of marine bio-resources by the coastal economic subsystem which is a part of the ecological-economic system coast-sea is constructed. The marine part of the model is represented by the adaptive version of the plankton dynamics and nitrogen cycle model in which the chlorophyll a concentration observations are assimilated. Management of the consumed bio-resources volume is based on tracing the deviations of the marine biodiversity index from its average (undisturbed) value which is represented as an estimate of the stationary value of the environment bio-resource capacity. The bio-resource capacity integral model controlling the balance between the rates of consumption and reproduction of marine bio-resources is proposed. The model equations are constructed by the method of adaptive balance of influences; at that the influence coefficients are expressed through the normalized ratios of the variables' mean values. To preserve the marine environment biodiversity, the right-hand sides of the equations contain the agents for managing the scenarios of ecological-economic processes. These agents ensure imposing fines for sea pollution caused by the coastal economic subsystem. Represented are the results of computational experiments confirming economic expediency of introducing new technologies in the coastal subsystem which, in their turn, contribute to economic efficiency of bio-resource consumption and preserve the marine environment bio-resource capacity. It is shown that the marine environment bio-resource capacity is an integral value of the biodiversity index determined for a certain time interval. Thus, in order to use rationally bio-resources of the sea coastal zone, it is necessary to control both biodiversity and bioresource capacity of the marine environment. These two indices indicating ecological state of the sea coastal zone serve the criteria for managing the integrated ecological-economic system coast-sea which are used to derive economic benefit from consumption of marine bio-resources provided that the marine environment quality is preserved.

Managing the Balance of Consumption and Reproduction of Marine Resources in the “Coast – Sea” Ecological-Economic System

“…The model consists of two interconnected subsystems -economic ("coast") and ecological ("sea"). Management of the "coast -sea" system is carried out by the agents V AG and BD AG , which manage the economic profitability of the marine environment assimilative and bioresource capacities use by the coastal social-economic system [12], taking into account the proposed above model of the sea pollution level formation.…”

“…The system of the model equations describing the relations between the elements of u i ecosystem demonstrated in Fig. 2, consists of n modular equations of the adaptive balance of causes method [12][13][14], which have the following general form:…”

“…Managing the process of marine environment purification from the pollutants in the adaptive model of the "coast -Sevastopol Bay" ecological-economic system The integral management of the marine environment pollution level by the coastal runoff into the Sevastopol Bay is considered in [12][13][14] without taking into account the environment self-purification model proposed in this study in the equation for the pollutant concentration. In order to construct the scenarios of ecological and economic processes, we use the mean values of the concentrations (in mgN/m 3 ) of the modeled substances in the bay ecosystem known from longterm observations, which were taken as the ecosystem stationary state: phytoplankton -37.74, zooplankton -18.87, bacterioplankton -12.0, nitrates -42.35, ammonium -5.60, dissolved organic forms of nitrogen -18.0, detritus -15.0.…”

“…An important aspect of these studies was the assessment of the ability of a complex marine ecosystem to reproduce its equilibrium ecological state under anthropogenic load. In [11][12][13][14], a systematic approach to the integral control of the balance of pollution rates and self-purification of the marine environment from pollution supplied to the sea by the coastal economic system was developed. This approach is based on the application of the systemic principle of mutual adaptation of processes in the ecological and economic systems "coastsea" to each other and to external effects.…”

“…It allows one to control the permissible volumes of resources taken from the marine environment for the economic use. In particular, an adaptive model of the ecological-economic system "coast -sea", in which the management of the intensity of marine biological and assimilation resources consumption depends on ecological parameters -the biodiversity index and the marine environment pollution level [12], was proposed.…”