Biodiversity and conservation of Turkish forests

Kaya, Zeki; Raynal, Dudley J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00069-0

Cited by 143 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…The large variation in management gives rise to forest stands with a varying array of traits and associated biodiversity. In a country where the state and other public entities own more than 99 % of the forests (Atmiş et al, 2007), recent afforestation practices in Turkey have followed those of other parts of the Mediterranean basin, through the establishment of coniferous plantations (Sama et al, 2011) and conversion of native forests into coniferous plantations (Kaya and Raynal, 2001;Öztürk et al, 2010). Biodiversity conservation, as a part of sustainable forestry, has so far had a low priority in forest planning and management in Turkey (Çolak and Rotherham, 2006;Başkent et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of forest type and habitat structure on bird assemblages of oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) stands in southwestern Turkey

Bergner

Avcı

Eryiğit

et al. 2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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The Mediterranean basin exhibits a multitude of forest habitats affected by former and current exploitation and management. Recent afforestation programs have resulted in an increase in the proportion of coniferous trees, while oak stands, formerly utilized for coppicing and grazing, are abandoned or converted into coniferous plantations. The loss of oak stands might negatively affect birds dependent upon broadleaved forests. Studies confirming or rejecting that statement are scarce, particularly in the eastern part of the region. Using a study area in southwestern Turkey we applied a guild-based approach to investigate how pine and oak stands across a chronosequence differ in their capacity to support forest bird assemblages. Variables describing the vegetation were sampled to characterize the stands and relate bird assemblages to stand structure. Bird abundance and species richness was positively associated with age for both stand types. Richness and diversity was highest in oak stands, while there were no differences in bird abundance between the two forest types. Pine stands supported a different bird species composition compared to oak stands of the same age. Stand age and structure, rather than forest type, held the highest explanatory powers for bird assembly structure. Primary cavity-nesters and ground-nesters were more abundant in oak stands, possibly reflecting differences in stand structure and resource distribution. To support these birds with suitable habitats, oaks stands need conservation. Management practices in pine stands should strive for increasing the amount of old trees and retain vegetation in the understory to benefit breeding birds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of forest type and habitat structure on bird assemblages of oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) stands in southwestern Turkey

Bergner

Avcı

Eryiğit

et al. 2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…It grows in the EastMediterranean region, in the Taurus mountains and Amanus in Turkey, the Jbel Ansariye in Syria, and Jabal Ammoua and Ehden in Lebanon (Browicz and Zieliński 1984;Akkemik 2000;Kaya and Raynal 2001). In Turkey, it is distributed at elevations between 1,150 and 2,000 m on the north-and 1,450 and 1,550 m on the south-facing slopes of the Taurus, optimally at 1,200-1,800 m (Kaya and Raynal 2001). The species forms pure or mixed stands with Pinus nigra J.F.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current geographic distribution of A. cilicica is disjunctive, divided into several dozen areas isolated from each other (Browicz and Zieliński 1984;Kaya and Raynal 2001), while the ancestral taxa may have had a more continuous distribution (Linares 2011). The range fragmentation of this species was strong during cool periods of the Pleistocene because of the profound aridity of the climate during that period (Leroy and Arpe 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of geographic range discontinuity on species differentiation—East-Mediterranean Abies cilicica: a case study

Sękiewicz

Dering

Sękiewicz

et al. 2014

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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In the present study, a genetic analysis of nuclear microsatellites was conducted in Abies cilicica populations growing in West Taurus, East Taurus, and Lebanon mountains to obtain evidence for significant genetic differentiation. Despite range fragmentation, all examined populations tended to maintain a relatively high level of genetic diversity (H E = 0.724) and showed moderate genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.134) that is frequently noted in Mediterranean tree species. However, significant inbreeding, bottleneck effect, and low effective population sizes were detected, that may negatively affect species genetic resources. Bayesian clustering revealed three distinct groups, "West Taurus", "East Taurus," and "Lebanon", which reflect geographic structure of the species natural range. Minor genetic admixture between Lebanese and East Taurus populations of A. cilicica was found, but no genetic admixture between Lebanese populations and West Taurus. We argue that significant genetic differentiation discovered among areas of species occurrence is probably due to the effect of long-lasting genetic isolation that started in that region along with the Pleistocene climatic alternation and was further enhanced with human-induced deforestations.

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“…[19À21] Turkey, which is located at crossroads of Europe and Asia, harbours a broad range of natural habitats, including from Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea beaches, to coastal and interior mountains, from fertile alluvial plains to arid, rocky hillslopes and valleys and to expansive steppes. [22] In addition, O. carpinifolia has also been used in various studies such as wood properties, [18,23] pathogenicity, [24] NO 2 pollution, pollen research and allergenicity [25] and seed germination. [26] However, the number of genetic studies about this species is still limited, although some of its relatives were reported in phylogenetic analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of genetic diversity in natural European hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifoliaScop.) populations in Turkey

Kulaç

Filiz

Çiçek

et al. 2016

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Genetic diversity is a crucial component for plant survivability and fitness in terms of adaptation, genetic stability and variability. In this study, a total of 160 genotypes were investigated using 12 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers to understand the genetic structure and diversity of nine naturally distributed Ostrya carpinifolia populations in Turkey. Twelve RAPD primers yielded 111 clearly identifiable DNA bands, of which 71 bands were found to be polymorphic (64%). Observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne) and Nei's gene diversity (h) were found as 2, 1.53 and 0.32, respectively. Total genetic variation (H T ), withinpopulation genetic variation (H S ) and Nei's genetic differentiation coefficient (G ST ) were found as 0.32, 0.09 and 0.70, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis (AMOVA) revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) genetic variations among and within populations. 69.94% of total variation was observed among populations while 26.69% was within populations. Gene flow value was calculated as 0.21 (Nm < 0.5), which could homogenize the genetic structure of a population. Two geographically isolated populations demonstrated high gene diversity and polymorphic loci ratio, indicating a relationship between geographic distribution of populations and eco-geographic factors. The findings of this study will pave the way for understanding the genetic diversity between inter-and intra-populations of O. carpinifolia species, as well as they would provide valuable information for management, conservation and utilization of in situ and ex situ Ostrya germplasms.

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Biodiversity and conservation of Turkish forests

Cited by 143 publications

References 1 publication

Influences of forest type and habitat structure on bird assemblages of oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) stands in southwestern Turkey

Influences of forest type and habitat structure on bird assemblages of oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) stands in southwestern Turkey

Effect of geographic range discontinuity on species differentiation—East-Mediterranean Abies cilicica: a case study

Assessment of genetic diversity in natural European hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifoliaScop.) populations in Turkey

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