Biodiversity and Ecological Perspective of Industrially Important Fungi An Introduction

Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M.; Nahas, Hebatallah H. Abo; Abdel-Azeem, Mohamed A.; Tariq, Faiza Javaid; Yadav, Ajar Nath

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Only six A. flavus isolates were capable of producing aflatoxins B1 and B2 at estimated levels of 100 to 200 g/L when 30 fungal isolates representing A. flavus [ 17 ], A. niger [ 7 ], A. ochraceus [ 2 ], and A. parasiticus [ 4 ] were tested for their abilities to produce mycotoxins. These isolates were obtained from poultry feeds, bean hulls, rice hulls, and yellow corn ( Table 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current investigation evaluated 30 fungal strains representing A. flavus (17 strains), A. niger [ 7 ], A. ochraceus [ 2 ], and A. parasiticus [ 4 ] for their ability to create mycotoxins. Only six strains of A. flavus were capable of producing aflatoxins B1 and B2 at estimated concentrations of 100–200 g/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycotoxins are also deleterious to food, timber, textiles, seeds, grains, and a wide range of many other materials that are either preserved or produced. As a final ramification, they can cause both superficial and deep mycotic infections in humans and animals, which are risky to both [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Toxigenic Fungi in Livestock and Poultry Feedstuffs

Khalifa

Mohesien

Mossa

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The purpose of this study was to discover how abundant toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins are in animal feedstuff samples. A total of ninety samples representing various types of animal feedstuff samples were collected from ninety sites in Egypt. Isolation, identification, and determination of mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and ochratoxin A) were performed. The results revealed that 79 (87.77%) of the samples were contaminated with fungi, and 1.1 × 105 CFU/g were recovered, including 41 fungal species belonging to 18 genera, such as Zygomycota, which was represented by three species (7.31% of the total species number), teleomorphic Ascomycota (10 species, 24.39%), and anamorphic Ascomycota (28 species, 69.29%). When taxonomically investigated, these species were categorized into 2 phyla, 4 classes, 6 orders, and 12 families (one of them with an uncertain position). Moreover, the genus Aspergillus exhibited 16 species (39.02%). Notably, site no. 6 showed the highest Margalef species richness index at 10.87 followed by site no. 4, while the Shannon diversity index (H) of the recovered taxa was 2.20. Based on the frequency of occurrence, Aspergillus flavus recorded the highest percentage (65.56%) followed by A. niger (50%) and Penicillium chrysogenum (40%). Genus Aspergillus was recorded in 75 samples (88.33%), while Penicillium appeared only in 43 samples, accounting for 47.77% out of 90 samples. The High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was recorded in two animal feedstuff samples at a ratio of 0.851 and 1.363 µg/kg, While AFB2 was discovered in only one animal feedstuff sample at a ratio of 0.479 g/kg. The aflatoxins levels in the positive samples (AFB1 and AFB2) Beef cattle sample components were below the permissible limit for animal feedstuff which is (20 g/kg). Although aflatoxins were found in certain samples, the amounts were much below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) defined by the international authorities or Egyptian guidelines. toxigenic fungi found in contaminated animal feed samples pose a major threat to animal and poultry health, productivity, and even human health. Therefore, periodic monitoring is an excellent way to keep track of their existence and mitigate their hazards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Toxigenic Fungi in Livestock and Poultry Feedstuffs

Khalifa

Mohesien

Mossa

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Third, delayed sample processing after infection may have allowed saprophytic organisms to become active, potentially masking the primary infection as the leaf tissue deteriorates or becomes necrotic. This could explain the samples with high abundance of Epicoccum ( Schol-Schwarz, 1959 ; Abdel-Azeem et al, 2021 ). However, to prevent such a scenario, we immediately after harvest dried leaf samples with silica gel and stored them at cool conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Diversity and Leaf Microbiome Interactions of the Fungal Maize PathogenExserohilum turcicumin Switzerland: A Metagenomic Analysis

Vidal-Villarejo,

Dößelmann,

Kogler

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The spread and adaptation of fungal plant pathogens in agroecosystems are facilitated by environmental homogeneity. Metagenomic sequencing of infected tissues allows to monitor eco-evolutionary dynamics and interactions betwen host, pathogen and the plant microbiome. Exserohilum turcicum, the causal agent of northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) in maize, is distributed in multiple clonal lineages throughout Europe. To characterize regional pathogen diversity, we conducted metagenomic DNA sequencing on 241 infected leaf samples from the highly susceptible Swiss maize landrace Rheintaler Ribelmais, collected over three years (2016-2018) from an average of 14 agricultural farms within the Swiss Rhine Valley. All major European clonal lineages of E. turcicum were identified. Lineages differ by their mating types which indicates potential for sexual recombination and rapid evolution of new pathogen strains, although we found no evidence of recent recombination. The associated eukaryotic and prokaryotic leaf microbiome exhibited variation in taxonomic diversity between years and locations and is likely influenced by local weather conditions. A network analysis revealed distinct clusters of eukaryotic and prokaryotic taxa that correlates with the frequency of E. turcicum sequencing reads, suggesting causal interactions. Notably, the yeast genus Metschnikowia exhibited a strongly negative correlation, supporting its known potential as biological control agent against fungal pathogens. Our findings show that metagenomic sequencing is a useful tool for analyzing the role of environmental factors and potential pathogen-microbiome interactions in shaping pathogen dynamics and evolution, suggesting their potential for effective pathogen management strategies.

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“…They can be found in both aquatic and terrestrial settings, colonizing not only rocks but also numerous other surfaces. Although most fungi prefer moderate environmental conditions, certain species have demonstrated the ability to flourish even in extreme habitats characterized by severe dryness, salinity, and extreme temperatures 37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological insights into extracellular enzyme production by thermotolerant fungi from hot springs and caves: Morphology, pellets formation, and protease production

Legorreta‐Castañeda,

Guerra‐Sánchez,

García‐Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Biotech and App Biochem

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This study investigates the thermotolerant fungal biodiversity in caves and hot springs, focusing on their potential for extracellular enzyme production, specifically proteases. Samples were collected from the Cardonal region in Hidalgo, Mexico, using three different isolation methods. The study characterizes the morphological diversity of the isolated fungi and identifies various genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, and Fusarium, based on morphology. The isolated fungi were screened for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes on solid media, with a particular emphasis on proteases due to their industrial significance. Among the 35 isolated fungi, 20 exhibited proteolytic activity, and 12 strains were identified as good protease producers based on enzymatic index values. The study also evaluated the formation of fungal pellets by proteolytic fungi and found certain strains to display significant pellet formation. Additionally, protease production was examined by fungal pellets in submerged cultures, with isolate 6 demonstrating the highest protease activity. The findings highlight the diverse thermotolerant fungal biodiversity in extreme environments, and emphasize their potential for enzymatic production. This research contributes to our understanding of fungal ecology and provides insights into the biotechnological applications of these enzymes. The study recommends further molecular investigations to enhance biodiversity studies in such extreme environments.

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Biodiversity and Ecological Perspective of Industrially Important Fungi An Introduction

Cited by 9 publications

References 134 publications

Diversity of Toxigenic Fungi in Livestock and Poultry Feedstuffs

Diversity of Toxigenic Fungi in Livestock and Poultry Feedstuffs

Regional Diversity and Leaf Microbiome Interactions of the Fungal Maize PathogenExserohilum turcicumin Switzerland: A Metagenomic Analysis

Biotechnological insights into extracellular enzyme production by thermotolerant fungi from hot springs and caves: Morphology, pellets formation, and protease production

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