“…Nevertheless, this clade included the hemiurid subfamily Opisthadeninae, which was thought to have a controversial taxonomic status (León-Règagnon et al, 1998;Pankov et al, 2006), and restored family Bunocotylidae, which includes the genera Bunocotyle Odhner, 1928, Robinia Pankov, Webster, Blasco-Costa, Gibson, Littlewood, Balbuena &Kostadinova, 2006 andSaturnius Manter, 1969. Later studies have accumulated evidence that the family Bunocolylidae Dollfus, 1950 is valid (Atopkin et al, 2017;Faltýnková et al, 2017;Sokolov et al, 2018b). However, we conclude that trematodes of Quadrifoliovariinae and Hysterolecithinae, along with Opisthadeninae, belong to the family Bunocolylidae, which differs considerably from both Hemiuridae and Lecithasteridae based on molecular data.…”
Four representatives of the genus Lecithaster and one representative of the genus Hysterolecithoides were found during investigation of the trematode fauna of fish species in Vietnamese, Japanese and eastern coastal waters of the Russian Far East. Based on morphometric data, adult trematodes from Vietnamese Strongylura strongylura and Russian Acanthogobius flavimanus were identified as Lecithaster confusus, trematodes from Vietnamese Hemirhamphus marginatus as L. sayori and from osmerid fishes as L. salmonis. Further, a single specimen of Lecithaster sp. and representatives of Hysterolecithoides epinepheli were found in Vietnamese Siganus fuscescens. Morphological and molecular data, including 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V4 fragment, 28S rDNA D1-D3 fragment, internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and a mitochondrial COI gene fragment were analysed for Lecithaster spp. The results revealed that L. sayori and L. salmonis are not synonyms of L. stellatus and L. gibbosus, respectively, but that Hysterolecithoides frontilatus and H. guangdongensis are junior synonyms of H. epinepheli. The 28S-rDNA-based phylogenetic tree of Hemiuroidea showed a distinct position for the genus Lecithaster with internal differentiation into three subclades, including L. confusus, L. sayori and Lecithaster sp. within the first subclade, L. mugilis and L. sudzuhensis within the second subclade and L. salmonis and L. gibbosus within the third subclade. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions of Hemiuroidea showed four clades for members of Hemiuridae and Lecithasteridae. The first clade consisted of Hemiuridae representatives and the second clade represented the genus Lecithaster. The third clade included genera Aponurus and Lecithophyllum (Lecithasteridae) and the fourth clade combined members of lecithasterid Quadrifoliovariinae and Hysterolecithinae and hemiurid Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylidae with high statistical support.
“…Nevertheless, this clade included the hemiurid subfamily Opisthadeninae, which was thought to have a controversial taxonomic status (León-Règagnon et al, 1998;Pankov et al, 2006), and restored family Bunocotylidae, which includes the genera Bunocotyle Odhner, 1928, Robinia Pankov, Webster, Blasco-Costa, Gibson, Littlewood, Balbuena &Kostadinova, 2006 andSaturnius Manter, 1969. Later studies have accumulated evidence that the family Bunocolylidae Dollfus, 1950 is valid (Atopkin et al, 2017;Faltýnková et al, 2017;Sokolov et al, 2018b). However, we conclude that trematodes of Quadrifoliovariinae and Hysterolecithinae, along with Opisthadeninae, belong to the family Bunocolylidae, which differs considerably from both Hemiuridae and Lecithasteridae based on molecular data.…”
Four representatives of the genus Lecithaster and one representative of the genus Hysterolecithoides were found during investigation of the trematode fauna of fish species in Vietnamese, Japanese and eastern coastal waters of the Russian Far East. Based on morphometric data, adult trematodes from Vietnamese Strongylura strongylura and Russian Acanthogobius flavimanus were identified as Lecithaster confusus, trematodes from Vietnamese Hemirhamphus marginatus as L. sayori and from osmerid fishes as L. salmonis. Further, a single specimen of Lecithaster sp. and representatives of Hysterolecithoides epinepheli were found in Vietnamese Siganus fuscescens. Morphological and molecular data, including 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) V4 fragment, 28S rDNA D1-D3 fragment, internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and a mitochondrial COI gene fragment were analysed for Lecithaster spp. The results revealed that L. sayori and L. salmonis are not synonyms of L. stellatus and L. gibbosus, respectively, but that Hysterolecithoides frontilatus and H. guangdongensis are junior synonyms of H. epinepheli. The 28S-rDNA-based phylogenetic tree of Hemiuroidea showed a distinct position for the genus Lecithaster with internal differentiation into three subclades, including L. confusus, L. sayori and Lecithaster sp. within the first subclade, L. mugilis and L. sudzuhensis within the second subclade and L. salmonis and L. gibbosus within the third subclade. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions of Hemiuroidea showed four clades for members of Hemiuridae and Lecithasteridae. The first clade consisted of Hemiuridae representatives and the second clade represented the genus Lecithaster. The third clade included genera Aponurus and Lecithophyllum (Lecithasteridae) and the fourth clade combined members of lecithasterid Quadrifoliovariinae and Hysterolecithinae and hemiurid Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylidae with high statistical support.
“…As noted above, (León-Règagnon, 1998; Bray and Cribb, 2000), they hold opposite points of view on subfamiliar/familiar affiliation of M. chilostoma and H. frontilatus : the subfamily Bunocotylinae of the family Hemiuridae s. lato and the subfamily Hysterolecithinae of the family Lecithasteridae. It should be noted that previous phylogenetic reconstructions of hemiuroids, created using partial sequences of 28S rDNA or a combination of 18S and 28S rDNA partial sequences, highly supported clustering of M. chilostoma with representatives of the Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae was not observed (Pankov et al ., 2006; Marzoug et al ., 2014; Bao et al ., 2015; Atopkin et al ., 2017; Faltýnková et al ., 2017; Sokolov et al ., 2018). Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gibson and Bray (1979), Bray (1996) and Gibson (2002 а ) place M. praeclarum into the hemiurid subfamily Plerurinae. The results of our analysis, however, are the same as the previously published data (Olson et al ., 2003; Pankov et al ., 2006; Marzoug et al ., 2014; Bao et al ., 2015; Atopkin et al ., 2017; Faltýnková et al ., 2017; Sokolov et al ., 2018), and show that this parasite is phylogenetically distant from plerurines (Fig. 1).…”
In the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.
“…The tree presented by Bray et al (2009) supports the findings of Bray et al (1999) providing further evidence of the radiation of Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904 and its relatives in deep-water. Faltýnková et al (2017) added the Antarctic species Lepidapedon garrardi (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914) to the phylogeny, finding it a sister species to L. beveridgei Campbell and Bray (1993) an abyssal macrourid parasite. This furnishes further evidence of the close relationship of polar and deep-water forms as suggested by Bray et al (1999) and Klimpel et al (2009) .…”
Section: Phylogenymentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Dallarés et al (2013) added further specimens of L. desclersae Bray and Gibson (1995) and Pérez-del-Olmo et al (2019) added specimens of L. guevarai Lopez-Roman & Maillard, 1973 and further specimens of L. desclersae to the analysis and also found the monophyly of the group ( Lepidapedon/Neolepidapedon/Profundivermis ). The relationships of the genera Neolepidapedon Manter, 1954 and Profundivermis Bray and Gibson, 1991 remain controversial as whereas Bray et al (2009) and Pérez-del-Olmo et al (2019) found them embedded in the genus Lepidapedon , Faltýnková et al (2017) , having added the Antarctic species Neolepidapedon trematomi Prudhoe and Bray (1973) to the analysis, and Sokolov et al (2018c) , having added the Antarctic deep-sea species Muraenolepitrema magnatestis Gaevskaya & Rodjuk, 1988 to the analysis, found the Neolepidapedon/Profundivermis clade sister to a monophyletic Lepidapedon .…”
The developments in the study of digeneans of deep-sea fish in the 21st Century are documented and discussed. Most recent work has been on the bathyal fauna (i.e. 1,000m-2,999 m depth), with virtually nothing on the abyssal fauna (i.e. deeper than 3,000 m). The one study on hydrothermal vent digeneans has indicated that these regions probably harbour a distinctive fauna. The demarcation of the deep-sea fauna is blurred at the poles, where the cold-adapted fauna appears similar to the shallower bathyal fauna. The abyssal fauna, however, appears distinct, possibly due to adaptations to variable or ultra-high pressures. The digenean fauna of bathypelagic fishes is depauperate. Recent phylogenetic studies reinforce the view that the typical deep-sea fauna has radiated in the deep-sea. Encroachment into the deep from shallow water is relatively rare. Overall, the digenean fauna in the deep-sea is distinctly less diverse that the equivalent fauna in shallow waters. A major conclusion is that our understanding of the deep-sea digenean fauna is poor, and that much further work over a much wider area is needed.
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