Biodiversity and Evolution of the Myxozoa

Canning, Elizabeth U.; Okamura, Beth

doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(03)56002-x

Cited by 141 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…They are composed of two subgroups, the Malacosporea and the Myxosporea, which include more than 2000 species (Canning and Okamura, 2004;Kent et al, 2001;Lom and Dykova, 2006). Several malacosporean species have been discovered to date, including the muscular, vermiform-like parasite Buddenbrockia plumatellae (Canning et al, 2000;Hartikainen et al, 2014;Okamura et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

Feng

Xiong

Zhang

et al. 2014

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

Feng

Xiong

Zhang

et al. 2014

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…In addition, both the extrasporogonic and intra-tubular sporogonic stages of this parasite stained with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques developed for the detection of T. bryosalmonae further confirming its identity (Morris et al 2000 a, b). Esociform fish are believed to be closely related to salmonids which could help to explain how T. bryosalmonae infect members of both groups (Canning and Okamura, 2004). While E. lucuis does not inhabit Cowan lake, a closely related species, E. masquinongy, is stocked and therefore has the potential to act as the vertebrate host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea), the causative organism of salmonid proliferative kidney disease, to the freshwater bryozoan Fredericella sultana

Morris

Adams

2006

Parasitology

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S U M M A R YProliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the malacosporean parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, causes significant losses among salmonids in Western Europe and North America. The role of salmonid fish in the life-cycle of this parasite has been conjectured upon for over a quarter of a century. To examine whether fish can transmit the infection to bryozoans, the known invertebrate host, water containing parasitized brown trout Salmo trutta was pumped into tanks containing colonies of Fredericella sultana collected from the wild. The specific parasite-free status of these colonies being first assessed, by PCR and prolonged laboratory culture. After 6 weeks exposure to the brown trout aquarium effluent, portions of these colonies displayed overt infections with T. bryosalmonae. This was in contrast to control bryozoans, derived from the experimental colonies prior to exposure, which remained T. bryosalmonae negative. In addition, spores obtained from the experimentally infected colonies were exposed to naïve rainbow trout, resulting in clinical PKD, thus completing a cycle of transmission. During the experiments, the infection was noted to inhibit statoblast formation within bryozoans and appeared to be pathogenic, finally killing the bryozoan host. These findings indicate that fish can transmit the parasite to bryozoans and are an integral part of this parasite's life-cycle.

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“…The notable lack of information on haplosporidian diversity revealed by environmental sampling to date may reflect absence or low representation in environmental sequencing databases (due to, for example, short-lived zoospores), artefacts of sampling strategy and/or the use of broadly targeted PCR primers that are unsuitable for the highly divergent genes that may characterise many parasitic taxa (for example, Canning and Okamura, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

et al. 2013

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Haplosporidians are rhizarian parasites of mostly marine invertebrates. They include the causative agents of diseases of commercially important molluscs, including MSX disease in oysters. Despite their importance for food security, their diversity and distributions are poorly known. We used a combination of group-specific PCR primers to probe environmental DNA samples from planktonic and benthic environments in Europe, South Africa and Panama. This revealed several highly distinct novel clades, novel lineages within known clades and seasonal (spring vs autumn) and habitatrelated (brackish vs littoral) variation in assemblage composition. High frequencies of haplosporidian lineages in the water column provide the first evidence for life cycles involving planktonic hosts, host-free stages or both. The general absence of haplosporidian lineages from all large online sequence data sets emphasises the importance of lineage-specific approaches for studying these highly divergent and diverse lineages. Combined with host-based field surveys, environmental sampling for pathogens will enhance future detection of known and novel pathogens and the assessment of disease risk.

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Biodiversity and Evolution of the Myxozoa

Cited by 141 publications

References 128 publications

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

New phylogenomic and comparative analyses provide corroborating evidence that Myxozoa is Cnidaria

Transmission of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea), the causative organism of salmonid proliferative kidney disease, to the freshwater bryozoan Fredericella sultana

Lineage-specific molecular probing reveals novel diversity and ecological partitioning of haplosporidians

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