Biodiversity and Host–Parasite (Co)Extinction

Dijk, Jeroen van; Baets, Kenneth De

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52233-9_3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Similarly, in the evolutionary-ecological literature, a parasite-induced reduction of host lifetime reproductive success (LRS) is also interpreted as indisputable evidence for parasitism by thousands of research articles (see e.g. Herre, 1993 ; Lipsitsch et al ., 1996 ; van Dijk and De Baets, 2021 ).…”

Section: Infection-induced Harms Across 4 Levels Of Hierarchical Orga...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of parasitism, considering its potentially opposing effects at different levels of hierarchical organization

Rózsa

Garay

2023

Parasitology

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An annotated synthesis of textbook definitions of parasitism is presented. Most definitions declare parasitism is a long-lasting relationship between individuals of different species harming the hosts. The infection-induced costs are interpreted as diseases in the medical-veterinary literature. Alternatively, evolutionary ecologists interpret it as a reduction of host's fitness (longevity, fertility or both). Authors often assume that such effects decrease host population growth and select for antiparasitic defences, which is not necessarily true because infections may simultaneously express opposite effects at different levels of biological organization. (i) At the cellular level, infection-induced cell growth, longevity and multiplication may yield tumours maladaptive at higher levels. (ii) At the individual level, reduced host longevity, fertility or both are interpreted as disease symptoms or reduced fitness. (iii) Contrary to common sense, the growth rate of infected host lineages may increase in parallel with the individuals' reduced survival and fertility. This is because selection favours not only the production of more offspring but also their faster production. (iv) Finally, infections that reduce host individuals' or lineages' fitness may still increase infected host populations' growth rate in the context of ecological competition. Therefore, differences between parasitism and mutualism may depend on which level of organization one focuses on.

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Section: Infection-induced Harms Across 4 Levels Of Hierarchical Orga...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitions of parasitism, considering its potentially opposing effects at different levels of hierarchical organization

Rózsa

Garay

2023

Parasitology

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“…The timing of phenological events is gradually changing as a result of climate change [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Along with other adaptive mechanisms, plasticity in phenology is essential for maintaining many aspects of biodiversity in a changing environment, such as species demography, species interaction, and species distribution [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In response to seasonal natural changes, the species composition of populations and the number of species in them undergoes significant fluctuations [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Forests of the European Russia

Горностаев

Ruchin

Esin

et al. 2022

Insects

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(1) Background: Seasonal dynamics of the abundance and species diversity of various insect groups is of great importance for understanding their life cycles; (2) Methods: In our study, Drosophilidae species and their seasonal changes in Mordovia State Nature Reserve were explored. We collected the flies by crown fermental traps in five types of forests (birch, aspen, linden, pine and oak) since May to October in 2019. (3) Results: A total of 4725 individuals belonging to 9 genera and 30 species of drosophilid flies were identified, among them 15 species in 3 genera are new to the Republic of Mordovia. Drosophila obscura and D. histrio were the most abundant species in traps, the other mass species are D. kuntzei, D. testacea, D. phalerata, S. rufifrons, D. bifasciata, A. semivirgo, and L. quinquemaculata. (4) Conclusions: We found three groups of mass species with significant correlation of seasonal dynamics, e.g., D.obscura and D. bifasciata; D. histrio, D. kuntzei, D. phalerata, and D. testacea, and, finally, A. semivirgo and S. rufifrons. Apparently, the similarity observed in the seasonal dynamics of these drosophilid species is influenced at a high degree by their food preferences and rearing sites.

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The Molecular Clock as a Tool for Understanding Host-Parasite Evolution

Warnock

Engelstädter

2021

Topics in Geobiology

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The molecular clock in combination with evidence from the geological record can be applied to infer the timing and dynamics of evolutionary events. This has enormous potential to shed light on the complex and often evasive evolution of parasites. Here, we provide an overview of molecular clock methodology and recent advances that increase the potential for the study of host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics, with a focus on Bayesian approaches to divergence time estimation. We highlight the challenges in applying these methods to the study of parasites, including the nature of parasite genomes, the incompleteness of the rock and fossil records, and the complexity of hostparasite interactions. Developments in models of molecular evolution and approaches to deriving temporal constraints from geological evidence will help overcome some of these issues. However, 1 we also describe a case study in which the timescale of host-parasite coevolution cannot easily be inferred using existing methods -that of the alpha-proteobacteria Wolbachia. We conclude by providing a prospective on future methodological developments and data collection that will facilitate in understanding the role of parasitism in deep time.

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Biodiversity and Host–Parasite (Co)Extinction

Cited by 6 publications

References 130 publications

Definitions of parasitism, considering its potentially opposing effects at different levels of hierarchical organization

Definitions of parasitism, considering its potentially opposing effects at different levels of hierarchical organization

Seasonal Dynamics of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Forests of the European Russia

The Molecular Clock as a Tool for Understanding Host-Parasite Evolution

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