Biodiversity and Population Structure

King, Tim L.; Verspoor, Eric; Spidle, Adrian P.; Gross, Riho; Phillips, Ross J.; Koljonen, Marja‐Liisa; Sánchez, Jesús; Morrison, Cheryl L.

doi:10.1002/9780470995846.ch5

Cited by 62 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The unusual genetic structure in the Baltic Sea may have resulted from population isolation during the complex marine transgression history resulting from the interplay of sea level changes and the isostatic rebound in the early Quaternary (Lepiksaar, 2001, p. 40). However, it has also been used to infer recolonization from possible glacial refugia in the southern North Sea or beyond the eastern edge of the Fennoscandian ice sheet (e.g., Consuegra et al, 2002;Langefors, 2005;King et al, 2007; but see also Makhrov et al, 2005). A westward recolonization pathway into the Baltic Sea from the White Sea after the LGM was previously perceived as unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugia of marine fish in the northeast Atlantic during the last glacial maximum: concordant assessment from archaeozoology and palaeotemperature reconstructions

Kettle

Muñiz²,

Roselló‐Izquierdo

et al. 2011

Clim. Past

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Abstract. Archaeozoological finds of the remains of marine and amphihaline fish from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ca. 21 ka ago show evidence of very different species ranges compared to the present. We have shown how an ecological niche model (ENM) based on palaeoclimatic reconstructions of sea surface temperature and bathymetry can be used to effectively predict the spatial range of marine fish during the LGM. The results indicate that the ranges of marine fish species now in northwestern Europe were displaced significantly southwards from the modern distribution, challenging an existing paradigm of marine glacial refugia. The model presents strong evidence that there was an invasion of important fish through the Straits of Gibraltar in glacial times, where they were exploited by Palaeolithic human populations around the western Mediterranean Sea. The ENM results are important for ongoing studies of molecular ecology that aim to assess marine glacial refugia from the genetic structure of living populations, and they pose questions about the genetic identity of vanished marine populations during the LGM. Economically, the approach may be used to understand how the ranges of exploited fish species may be displaced with the future climate warming. The research presents a challenge for future archaeozoological work to delimit the glacial refugia and to verify palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on deep-sea core records.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugia of marine fish in the northeast Atlantic during the last glacial maximum: concordant assessment from archaeozoology and palaeotemperature reconstructions

Kettle

Muñiz²,

Roselló‐Izquierdo

et al. 2011

Clim. Past

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“…To date, studies of genetic population structure in Atlantic salmon have tended to focus at either a very broad or a very fine scale (King et al 2007). For example, based on a variety of genetic markers, Atlantic salmon can clearly be divided into North American and European salmon (e.g., Ståhl 1987;Bermingham et al 1991;King et al 2001) and European Atlantic salmon further into two major groups, eastern Atlantic and Baltic salmon (e.g., Ståhl 1987;Bourke et al 1997;Nilsson et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellites reveal clear genetic boundaries among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the Barents and White seas, northwest Russia

Tonteri

Веселов

Зубченко

et al. 2009

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Fourteen microsatellite loci were employed to study the genetic structure of 34 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the White and Barents seas area, the last major European region where the species has remained in its natural state. The populations were separated into four distinct clusters (Atlantic Ocean and western Barents Sea, Kola Peninsula, western White Sea, and eastern Barents Sea) within which genetic divergence varied between 0.02 and 0.10 as estimated with FST. When this structuring was contrasted with previously identified mtDNA-based groupings, a remarkable similarity was observed, implying that these four groups can be considered as a good starting point for defining management units in the region. Indeed, several approaches for assessing every population's conservation value suggested that conservation of populations from each observed cluster would maximize preservation of the region's genetic diversity. Furthermore, each unit may require differing management strategies, as distinct patterns of genetic diversity and divergence characteristics were detected. In addition, individual assignment success within a region was high (87%-96%), indicating that the data can be used as a baseline to differentiate individuals caught in offshore fisheries on a regional level with a relatively high degree of accuracy.Résumé : Quatorze locus microsatellites nous ont servi à étudier la structure génétique de 34 populations de saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) des environs de la mer Blanche et de la mer de Barents, la dernière grande région d'Europe où l'espèce est demeurée dans son état naturel. Les populations se divisent en quatre regroupements distincts (Atlantique et mer de Barents occidentale, péninsule de Kola, mer Blanche occidentale et mer de Barents orientale) au sein desquels la divergence génétique, estimée par F ST , varie de 0,02 à 0,10. Une comparaison de cette structure avec des groupements basés sur l'ADNmt identifiés précédemment montre une remarquable similarité, ce qui indique que ces quatre groupes forment un bon point de départ pour l'identification des unités de gestion dans la région. En effet, plusieurs méthodes utilisées pour évaluer la valeur de conservation de chaque population indiquent que la conservation de populations de chaque groupement observé permettrait de maximiser la conservation de la diversité génétique dans la région. De plus, il se peut que chaque unité nécessite des stratégies de gestion différentes puisqu'on détecte des patrons distincts de diversité généti-que et des caractéristiques de divergence particulières. Enfin, le succès de l'attribution des individus à un groupement particulier est élevé (87 % -96 %) dans une même région, ce qui indique que nos données peuvent servir de base pour l'identification des individus récoltés dans les pêches du large avec un degré relativement élevé d'exactitude à l'échelle ré-gionale.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…In either of these cases, we predict that this series of events would have produced a metacentric chromosome in North American Atlantic salmon that contains the genetic material from two acrocentric chromosomes in European Atlantic salmon. These rearrangements of the European Atlantic salmon chromosomes would change the composition of the karyotype from eight metacentics plus twelve large acrocentrics and nine small acrocentrics to nine metacentrics plus twelve large acrocentrics and six small acrocentrics as has been described for the karyotype of North American Atlantic salmon [3]. By using fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis with selected BAC clones, it should be possible to determine if these predictions are correct and which chromosomal regions in the Western Atlantic salmon chromosomes correspond to the well-defined segments of the European salmon chromosomes [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative genomic analysis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from Europe and North America

et al. 2010

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BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence including allozyme analysis, restriction digest patterns and sequencing of mtDNA as well as mini- and micro-satellite allele frequencies indicate that Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from North America and Europe are genetically distinct. These observations are supported by karyotype analysis, which revealed that North American Atlantic salmon have 27 pairs of chromosomes whereas European salmon have 29 pairs. We set out to construct a linkage map for a North American Atlantic salmon family and to compare this map with the well developed map for European Atlantic salmon.ResultsWe used microsatellite markers, which had previously been mapped in the two Atlantic salmon SALMAP mapping families from the River Tay, Scotland, to carry out linkage analysis in an Atlantic salmon family (NB1) whose parents were derived from the Saint John River stock in New Brunswick, Canada. As large differences in recombination rates between female and male Atlantic salmon have been noted, separate genetic maps were constructed for each sex. The female linkage map comprises 218 markers in 37 linkage groups while the male map has 226 markers in 28 linkage groups. We combined 280 markers from the female and male maps into 27 composite linkage groups, which correspond to the haploid number of chromosomes in Atlantic salmon from the Western Atlantic.ConclusionsA comparison of the composite NB1 and SALMAP linkage maps revealed the reason for the difference in the chromosome numbers between European and North American Atlantic salmon: Linkage groups AS-4 and AS-32 in the Scottish salmon, which correspond to chromosomes Ssa-6 and Ssa-22, are combined into a single NB1 linkage group as are linkage groups AS-21 and AS-33 (corresponding to chromosomes Ssa-26 and Ssa-28). The comparison of the linkage maps also suggested some additional chromosomal rearrangements, but it will require finer mapping, potentially using SNPs, to test these predictions. Our results provide the first comparison of the genomic architecture of Atlantic salmon from North America and Europe with respect to chromosome organization.

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Biodiversity and Population Structure

Cited by 62 publications

References 94 publications

Refugia of marine fish in the northeast Atlantic during the last glacial maximum: concordant assessment from archaeozoology and palaeotemperature reconstructions

Refugia of marine fish in the northeast Atlantic during the last glacial maximum: concordant assessment from archaeozoology and palaeotemperature reconstructions

Microsatellites reveal clear genetic boundaries among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the Barents and White seas, northwest Russia

Comparative genomic analysis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from Europe and North America

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