Biodiversity Conservation at Multiple Scales: Functional Sites, Landscapes, and Networks

Poiani, Karen A.; Richter, Brian; Anderson, Mark; Richter, Holly E.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0133:bcamsf]2.3.co;2

Cited by 376 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Whether members of these GIS communities or members of their advisory body would perform this quality control is up for debate among the different stakeholders and may vary according to the needs of different conservation mandates. A collaborative effort from different researchers across a variety of fields and jurisdictions would also be needed (Gjerde and RulskaDomino, 2012;Dunstan et al, 2016;Jay et al, 2016) to ensure sharing of resources and proper representation of ecological processes that occur across and beyond political jurisdictions (Poiani et al, 2000). As highlighted by Rudd (2014), such efforts would benefit from the involvement of social scientists.…”

Section: Interactive Gis Framework To Improve Critical Use Of Maps Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Maps and Models in Conservation and Resource Management (Warning: Results May Vary)

Lecours

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Conservation planning and management typically require accurate and spatially explicit data at scales that are relevant for conservation objectives. In marine conservation, these data are often combined with spatial analytical techniques to produce marine habitat maps. While marine habitat mapping is increasingly used to inform conservation efforts, this field is still relatively young and its methods are rapidly evolving. Because conservation efforts do not always specify standards or guidelines for the production of habitat maps, results can vary dramatically. As representations of real environmental characteristics, habitat maps are highly sensitive to how they are produced. In this review paper, I present four concepts that are known to cause variation in spatial representation and prediction of habitats: the methodology used, the quality and scale of the data, and the choice of variables in regards to fitness for use. I then discuss the potential antinomy associated with the use of habitat maps in conservation: while habitat maps have become an invaluable tool to inform and assist decision-making, maps of the same area built using different methods and data may provide dissimilar representations, thus providing different information and possibly leading to different decisions. Exploring the theories and methods that have proved effective in terrestrial conservation and the spatial sciences, and how they can be integrated in marine habitat mapping practices, could help improve maps used to support marine conservation efforts and result in more reliable products to inform conservation decisions. Having a strong, consistent, transparent, repeatable, and science-based protocol for data collection and mapping is essential for effectively supporting decision-makers in developing conservation and management plans. The development of user-friendly tools to assist in the application of such protocol is crucial to a widespread improvement in practices. I discuss the potential to use interactive and collaborative Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to encourage the conservation and management community, from data collectors and mapmakers to decision-makers, to move toward a digital resilience and to develop such science-based protocol. Until standards and protocols are developed, habitat maps should always be interpreted with care, and the methods and metadata associated with their production should always be explicitly stated.

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Section: Interactive Gis Framework To Improve Critical Use Of Maps Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Maps and Models in Conservation and Resource Management (Warning: Results May Vary)

Lecours

2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Information about drivers of species decline at this scale are also based on data aggregated across areas with a range of human population density, natural habitats, and reef types. However, our results demonstrate that coarse‐scale information about species vulnerability and its potential causes does not necessarily capture drivers of vulnerability at the local (i.e., meters to thousands of hectares; Poiani, Richter, Anderson, & Richter, 2000) or subpopulation scale. This is not surprising given the variation in fishing methods and relative level of pressure at a global or even national scale; especially for heavily populated areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Giant coral reef fishes display markedly different susceptibility to night spearfishing

Pearse

Hamilton

Choat

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) are two of the largest, most iconic fishes of Indo‐Pacific coral reefs. Both species form prized components of subsistence and commercial fisheries and are vulnerable to overfishing. C. undulatus is listed as Endangered and B. muricatum as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We investigated how night spearfishing pressure and habitat associations affected both species in a relatively lightly exploited setting; the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We used fisheries‐independent data from underwater visual census surveys and negative binomial models to estimate abundances of adult C. undulatus and B. muricatum as a function of spearfishing pressure and reef strata. Our results showed that, in Kia, night spearfishing pressure from free divers had no measurable effect on C. undulatus abundances, but abundances of B. muricatum were 3.6 times lower in areas of high spearfishing pressure, after accounting for natural variations due to habitat preferences. It is likely the species’ different nocturnal aggregation behaviors, combined with the fishers’ use of night spearfishing by spot‐checking underpin these species’ varying susceptibility. Our study highlights that B. muricatum is extremely susceptible to night spearfishing; however, we do not intend to draw conservation attention away from C. undulatus. Our data relate only to the Kia fishing grounds, where human population density is low, the spot‐checking strategy is effective for reliably spearing large numbers of fish, particularly B. muricatum, and fisheries have only recently begun to be commercialized; such conditions are increasingly rare. Instead, we recommend that regional managers assess the state of their fisheries and the dynamics affecting the vulnerability of the fishes to fishing pressure based on local‐scale, fisheries‐independent data, where resources permit.

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“…It is common practice to thoroughly sample each locality in a survey, but we recommend changing to a more extensive sampling method so that we increase our knowledge on the spatial and temporal aspects of landscape and regional communities. Intensive local scale sampling should be employed for 'local species' that are dispersal limited (Poiani et al, 2000), but would perform poorly for species that use the whole landscape but only occupy a limited portion at any one time (MacKenzie and Royle, 2005).…”

Section: The Trade-off Between Many Small Samples and Few Large Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Generalised Dissimilarity Models and many small samples to improve the efficiency of regional and landscape scale invertebrate sampling

Ashcroft

Gollan

Faith

et al. 2010

Ecological Informatics

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It is rarely cost-effective to survey invertebrates for use in systematic conservation planning activities. The efficiency of sampling methods needs to be improved, and this is especially important at landscape and regional scales. We investigated two methods that could be used to improve regional scale sampling efficiency using a case study of ants, beetles, flies, bugs, spiders and wasps from the semi-arid Pilbara region of Western Australia. First, Generalised Dissimilarity Models (GDMs) were used to divide the region into landscapes with relatively homogeneous communities and environmental conditions. We found that some of these landscapes were large, and a low sampling density could be employed in these areas due to the low spatial turnover in species. Other landscapes were 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller, and a higher sampling density should be employed to capture the high species turnover and unique species in these areas. Variation of sampling density based on landscape dimensions could vastly improve survey efficiency. Second, we investigated whether one large sample or five small samples were a more efficient method to estimate the species composition of each landscape. We found that five small samples captured a higher proportion of landscape scale species richness for a fixed sampling effort, and was therefore a more efficient method to determine the species composition of the landscape. Combining five small samples also resulted in less sample variability than one large sample, which increases statistical power to detect changes. We concluded that GDM was an effective method to increase sampling efficiency, because it allowed sampling density to vary according to the spatial turnover in species. Using many small samples is a more efficient method to capture the species composition of landscapes than a single large sample with an equivalent sample size. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsAshcroft, M. B., Gollan, J. R., Faith, D. P., Carter, G. A., Lassau, S. A., Ginn, S. G., Bulbert, M. W. & Cassis, G. (2010). Using Generalised Dissimilarity Models and many small samples to improve the efficiency of regional and landscape scale invertebrate sampling. Ecological Informatics, 5 (2), 124-132. Efficient invertebrate sampling 2Abstract It is rarely cost-effective to survey invertebrates for use in systematic conservation planning activities. The efficiency of sampling methods needs to be improved, and this is especially important at landscape and regional scales. We investigated two methods that could be used to improve regional scale sampling efficiency using a case study of ants, beetles, flies, bugs, spiders and wasps from the semi-arid Pilbara region of Western Australia. First, Generalised Dissimilarity Models (GDMs) were used to divide the region into landscapes with relatively homogeneous communities and environmental conditions. We found that some of these landscapes were large, and a low sampling density could be employed in thes...

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Biodiversity Conservation at Multiple Scales: Functional Sites, Landscapes, and Networks

Cited by 376 publications

References 66 publications

On the Use of Maps and Models in Conservation and Resource Management (Warning: Results May Vary)

On the Use of Maps and Models in Conservation and Resource Management (Warning: Results May Vary)

Giant coral reef fishes display markedly different susceptibility to night spearfishing

Using Generalised Dissimilarity Models and many small samples to improve the efficiency of regional and landscape scale invertebrate sampling

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