Biodiversity crises a comparative analysis of biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration. A Review

Abstract

The practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action. However, the effectiveness of restoration actions in increasing provision of both biodiversity and ecosystem services have not been evaluated systematically. A meta-analysis of 20 restoration assessments in a wide range of ecosystem types across the globe indicates that ecological restoration increased provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services by 44 and 25%, respectively. However, values of both remained lower in restored versus intact reference ecosystems. Increases in biodiversity and ecosystem service measures after restoration were positively correlated. Results indicate that restoration actions focused on enhancing biodiversity should support increased provision of ecosystem services, particularly in tropical terrestrial biomes. Studies indicate that we have entered into a phase of mass extinctions 4,5, and have altered roughly half of the habitable surface of the earth, impairing and destroying several ecosystems.

Effect of anthills on changes in the physico-chemical properties in sandy soil

“…Their high abundance (an anthill can be inhabited by more than a million ants), extensive occurrence (they occur in forested as well as open areas, from extremely dry to very humid, as well as in buildings), activity (they show activity through a major part of the year, with the exception of winter when they hibernate in anthills), and considerable food demand (they are capable of leaving the anthill at a distance of even several tens of metres to obtain food) are associated with their vast role fulfilled in nature (Krzysztofiak and Krzysztofiak, 2006; website 1). Ants are insects able to shape the natural environment in biological, but also physico-chemical terms group of so-called engineer organisms (Del Toro et al, 2012;Kovar et al 2013;Subedi, 2016;Kumar, 2017;Trigos-Peral et al, 2020). The exceptional character of these animals is related to the aspects of their effect on the environment, and particularly to two of them involving nesting and feeding.…”

New phenylthiosemicarbazide‐phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole‐N‐phenylacetamides as dual inhibitors against α‐glucosidase and PTP‐1B for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

“…[10] This moiety play an important role in medicinal chemistry because during its creation, by means of a simple reaction, effective pharmacophores can be connected together and new lead drug structures can be reached. [11] Furthermore, Schiff base derivatives of semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide are attractive units in the design of the new potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. [12,13] On the other hand, promising anti-α-glucosidase agents containing phenoxy-1,2,3triazole-N-phenylacetamide derivatives have been reported.…”