Biodiversity in the coastal ecosystems of small islands and its conservation status

Abstract

Around 77% of Indonesian islands is small islands and Indonesia known as mega biodiversity center, but coastal biodiversity of small islands was not well documented. The objective of this study is to assess coastal biodiversity in small islands and its conservation status. The study indicated that small islands provide complex biodiversity ranging from ecosystem to species. Diversity index of mangrove: 1.4-1.8, seagrass: 1.5–1.9, coral: 1.7–2.3. Ecosystem condition in urban small island was poor and in rural small island was healthy. The islands also provide fauna diversity i.e mollusc (110 species), crabs (52 species), and coral fish (261 species). Diversity of mollusc and crabs in rural island was higher than in urban island, χ2 (1) = 1.3, p< 0.001 and χ2 (1) = 4.3, p< 0.002, respectively. Diversity index of coral fish range from 2.14 to 4.27 (mean: 3.4). Most of the biodiversity located outside protected area and main threats were ecosystem degradation, pollution, overexploitation, and sedimentation. In conclusion, small islands are important coastal biodiversity spots, but it faces tremendous threats. The study recommends better management of coastal biodiversity i.e. establishing coastal protected areas in small islands, building marine corridor, and public awareness to ensure biodiversity conservation.

Meroplankton composition and abundance in Ambon Bay, Maluku

“…Several studies have also reported that Ambon Bay is home to fish, coral, shellfish, gastropods, barnacles, bivalvia, crabs, and echinoderms [5,18,19]. Suyadi et al (2021) found 25 species (16 genera, nine families) of crabs and 33 species (19 families) of molluscs in Ambon Bay, 16 species of echinoderm [5,16]. So that in the Ambon Bay area, we will also find these organisms larvae (meroplankton).…”

“…In addition, that ecosystem is also a place for nursery ground so that larvae (meroplankton) can be found in these waters. Several studies have also reported that Ambon Bay is home to fish, coral, shellfish, gastropods, barnacles, bivalvia, crabs, and echinoderms [5,18,19]. Suyadi et al (2021) found 25 species (16 genera, nine families) of crabs and 33 species (19 families) of molluscs in Ambon Bay, 16 species of echinoderm [5,16].…”

“…Ambon Bay is the waters on Ambon Island which is divided into two parts, namely the inner Ambon Bay (IAB) and the outer Ambon Bay (OAB). In this area there are various kinds of ecosystems that are home to various kinds of marine life such as coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove ecosystems [5]. In the IAB there are mangrove and seagrass ecosystems as well as coral reefs, but the condition of the coral IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012017 2 reef ecosystem in the area is classified as poor [6], meanwhile, in the OAB, the coral cover was medium category [7].…”

The Influence of Knowledge on Community Participation in Coral Reef Management in Tidung Island, Seribu Islands

“…Indonesia yang termasuk ke dalam negara tropis diapit oleh Samudera Hindia dan Pasifik mengakibatkan Indonesia mempunyai keanekaragaman hayati yang melimpah (Suyadi dkk., 2021). Indonesia mempunyai 17.504 pulau, 77% diantaranya merupakan pulau-pulau kecil.…”

Community distribution and utilization of gastropods in the Coastal Area of Liki Island, Sarmi District, Papua, Indonesia

“…Gastropods belong to the phylum of mollusks as one of the marine biotas with high species diversity and spread in various marine habitats (Sukawati et al 2018;Suyadi et al 2021). In general, gastropods play an important role ecologically and economically (Cumplido et al 2022).…”