Biodiversity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in French cheeses, dry fermented sausages, processing environments and clinical samples

Coton, Emmanuel; Desmonts, Marie-Hélène; Léroy, Sabine; Coton, Monika; Jamet, Emmanuel; Christieans, Souad; Donnio, Pierre-Yves; Lebert, Isabelle; Talon, Régine

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.023

Cited by 117 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The Staphylococcus species identified in the current study have also reported by other authors 27,28 in artisanal morcilla and fermented meat products. S. saprophyticus is considered to be a frequent contaminant of fermented sausages and raw meats and also has been isolated from rectal swabs of cattle carcasses and pigs.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Coagulase-negative And Coagusupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates from black pudding

Moura

Campos

d’Azevedo

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Staphylococcal species are pathogens that are responsible for outbreaks of foodborne diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin-genes and the antimicrobial resistance profile in staphylococcus coagulase-negative (CoNS) and coagulasepositive (CoPS) isolates from black pudding in southern Brazil. Methods: Two hundred typical and atypical colonies from Baird-Parker agar were inoculated on mannitol salt agar. Eighty-two mannitol-positive staphylococci were submitted to conventional biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. The presence of coagulase (coa) and enterotoxin (se) genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The isolates were divided into 2 groups: 75.6% (62/82) were CoNS and 24.4% (20/82) were CoPS. The biochemical tests identified 9 species, of which Staphylococcus saprophyticus (37.8%) and Staphylococcus carnosus (15.9%) were the most prevalent. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed resistance phenotypes to antibiotics widely administered in humans, such as gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The coa gene was detected in 19.5% (16/82) of the strains and 4 polymorphic DNA fragments were observed. Five CoNS isolates carrying the coa gene were submitted for 16S rRNA sequencing and 3 showed similarity with CoNS. Forty strains were positive for at least 1 enterotoxin-encoding gene, the genes most frequently detected were sea (28.6%) and seb (27.5%). Conclusions: The presence of antimicrobial resistant and enterotoxin-encoding genes in staphylococci isolates from black pudding indicated that this fermented food may represent a potential health risk, since staphylococci present in food could cause foodborne diseases or be a possible route for the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.

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Section: Isolation and Identification Of Coagulase-negative And Coagusupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates from black pudding

Moura

Campos

d’Azevedo

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Staphylococcus equorum found in milk, cheese, and on cow teat (12,35,58) was not retrieved from teat skin in our study, but this species may have been misidentified (35,57). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus equorum) can be involved in flavor and aroma formation of cheeses (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cow Teat Skin, a Potential Source of Diverse Microbial Populations for Cheese Production

Verdier‐Metz¹,

Gagné

Bornes

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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The diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as 66 identified species, mainly belonging to those commonly found in raw milk (Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Aerococcus, and Staphylococcus). Several of them, such as nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB), Staphylococcus, and Actinobacteria, may contribute to the development of the sensory characteristics of cheese during ripening. Therefore, teat skin could be an interesting source or vector of biodiversity for milk. Variations of microbial counts and diversity between the farms studied have been observed. Moreover, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus arlettae, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus equinus, Clavibacter michiganensis, Coprococcus catus, or Arthrobacter gandavensis commensal bacteria of teat skin and teat canal, as well as human skin, are not common in milk, suggesting that there is a breakdown of microbial flow from animal to milk. It would then be interesting to thoroughly study this microbial flow from teat to milk.

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“…The fact that we found no other S. xylosus strains harboring mecC or blaZ suggests that mecC1 might be present in only a minor subset of S. xylosus isolates. It is noteworthy that S. xylosus is present in fermented foods such as sausage (18,19) and cheese (20), highlighting another potential route for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from the environment to human flora (21). Given the recent discovery of mecR2, a third regulator of mecA expression, it would also be interesting to see if the expression of mecC1 is positively regulated in the same way by xylR, encoding the xylose operon repressor (present in S. xylosus S04009), which is a close homolog of the mecR2 regulator (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Staphylococcus xylosus Isolate with a New mecC Allotype

Harrison

Paterson

Holden

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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jRecently, a novel variant of mecA known as mecC (mecA LGA251 ) was identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both humans and animals. In this study, we identified a Staphylococcus xylosus isolate that harbors a new allotype of the mecC gene, mecC1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mecC1 forms part of a class E mec complex (mecI-mecR1-mecC1-blaZ) located at the orfX locus as part of a likely staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) remnant, which also contains a number of other genes present on the type XI SCCmec. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is encoded by mecA, encoding the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics (1). As a result, the transpeptidase activity of PBP2a is functional at normally inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics, allowing cell wall synthesis to occur (2-4). Recently, a novel variant of mecA was identified in Staphylococcus aureus from cattle (5), humans, and a range of other animal species (6) in Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, and the United Kingdom (5, 7-11). This subtype was originally designated mecA LGA251 but has since been renamed mecC and shares 70% nucleotide identity with the conventional mecA gene. The mecC gene is present with its cognate regulators mecI-mecR1, as part of a class E mec complex that shares structural similarity (mecI-mecR1-mecC-blaZ) with a mec gene complex found in Macrococcus caseolyticus (12). The class E complex is present as part of a larger, 29.4-kb, type XI staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) inserted at orfX; this element also includes the recombinase genes ccrAB and arsenic resistance genes. In this work, we describe a highly related mecC homolog present in the orfX locus in a Staphylococcus xylosus.A search of the EMBL nucleotide database identified submission of sequences from S. xylosus strain S04009 (13) with a high degree of similarity (Ͼ90%) to mecC (5, 8). However, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of strain S04009 by disk diffusion with oxacillin and cefoxitin showed it to be susceptible to both antibiotics but resistant to penicillin using British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) criteria (version 10.2) (data not shown). Therefore, we submitted the mecC-positive strain S04009 and a mecC-negative S. xylosus isolate, S040010, for whole-genome sequencing to further characterize the mecC-containing region. Illumina library preparation was carried out as described by Quail et al. (14), and HiSeq sequencing was carried out following the manufacturer's standard protocols (Illumina, Inc.). Genome sequencing confirmed the presence of a mecC homolog in S04009 located downstream of the S. xylosus orfX homolog, a region associated with horizontally transferred elements (Fig. 1). Immediately downstream of orfX in S04009 is a 3.3-kb region that shows a high degree of similarity (Ͼ95% nucleotide identity) to the 3= end of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) in the S. aureus USA300 strai...

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Biodiversity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in French cheeses, dry fermented sausages, processing environments and clinical samples

Cited by 117 publications

References 77 publications

Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates from black pudding

Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates from black pudding

Cow Teat Skin, a Potential Source of Diverse Microbial Populations for Cheese Production

A Staphylococcus xylosus Isolate with a New mecC Allotype

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