Biodiversity of cryopegs in permafrost

Gilichinsky, D.; Rivkina, Elizaveta; Bakermans, Corien; Shcherbakova, V. A.; Petrovskaya, L. E.; Ozerskaya, S. M.; Ivanushkina, N. E.; Кочкина, Г. А.; Laurinavichuis, K.; Pecheritsina, Svetlana; Fattakhova, R.N.; Tiedje, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2005.02.003

Cited by 186 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…are widely distributed in Antarctica (Fletcher et al 1985, Kerry 1990a, b, Azmi et Seppelt 1998, Gilichinsky et al 2005, occurring under varying environmental conditions (Kerry 1990a, b). Although capable of producing cellulase at 1°C (Hurst et al 1983) and psychrotolerant, members of the genus are thought to be poor competitors (Ivarson 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The indigenous fungi of Antarctica have been studied in soils (Kerry 1990a, b, Finotti 1993, Azmi et Seppelt 1998, Hughes et al 2003, Krishnan et al 2011, ice cores and permafrost (Gilichinsky et al 2005), lake sediment (Sugiyama et al 1967) and also in the air column (Marshall 1997). Airborne spores originating from South America have also been detected in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Marshall 1997).…”

Section: Antarctic Microfungal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also detected greater diversity of fungi in culture at 25°C compared to 10°C. Gilichinsky et al (2005) isolated 40 fungal strains representing 12 different taxa from cryopegs of Don Juan Pond, including Geomyces sp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria sp., Aureobasidium sp. and Verticillium spp., again noting very little growth at 10°C.…”

Section: Antarctic Microfungal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island, continental Antarctic

Alias

Smykla²,

Ming³

et al. 2013

Czech Polar Rep.

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This paper presents the results of a biodiversity study of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island (Ross Sea, continental Antarctic). During the 2004/05 austral summer, we sampled a wide range of soil habitats from an abandoned penguin rookeries to examine the biodiversity of soil microfungi. Beaufort Island is predominantly ice and snow covered, isolated, difficult to access and known to have been visited only infrequently. Warcup's soil plating method was used for fungal cultivation. A total of ten fungal taxa were isolated, consisting of seven ascomycetes, two anamorphic fungi and one yeast. In terms of their thermal classes, a total of four psychrophilic, five psychrotolerant and 1 mesophilic fungi were isolated. Thelebolus microsporus, Geomyces sp. and Thelebolus sp. were the most common isolated fungi. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA sequences were obtained from 17 fungal isolates, confirming their identification as Thelebolus microsporus, Thelebolus sp., Phoma herbarum and Geomyces sp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antarctic Microfungal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antarctic Microfungal Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island, continental Antarctic

Alias

Smykla²,

Ming³

et al. 2013

Czech Polar Rep.

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“…In addition to ice caps and sea ice, polar regions also possess unusual microbiotopes such as porous rocks in Antarctic dry valleys hosting microbial communities surviving at -60 °C , the liquid brine veins between sea ice crystals harboring metabolically-active microorganisms at -20 °C (Deming, 2002) or permafrost cryopegs, i.e. salty water pockets that have remained liquid at -10 °C for about 100 000 years (Gilichinsky et al, 2005). Psychrophiles and their biomolecules also possess an interesting biotechnological potential, which has already found several applications (Margesin & Feller, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the Cold: Proteomics of the Antarctic Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis

Piette

Struvay

Godin

et al. 2012

Proteomic Applications in Biology

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“…Most isolates from Arctic and Antarctic permafrost are psychrotrophic rather than psychrophilic, although mesophiles and even a limited number of thermophiles have been detected (167). The growing library of the Arctic permafrost isolates includes organisms belonging to nine bacterial classes and more than 35 genera (61,75,104,145,146,154,166,173,174 (158,167), although the genera Exiguobacterium (54) and Psychrobacter (18,156,157), among others, were also found.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coping with Our Cold Planet

Rodrigues

Tiedje

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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164

116

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Of all the natural stress conditions on our planet and in our solar system, cold is arguably the most widespread, at least from the perspective of mesophilic and thermophilic organisms. For instance, 90% of the Earth's oceans have a temperature of 5°C or less. When terrestrial habitats are included, over 80% of the Earth's biosphere is permanently cold (149). Among terrestrial environments, 85% of Alaska, 55% of Russia and Canada, 20% of China, and the majority of Antarctica are permanently cold (136). Furthermore, six of the other eight planets of our solar system are permanently cold, and hence understanding life's adaptations to cold environments on our planet should be useful in the search for and understanding of life on other planets. Indeed, the current debate about whether life exists in Lake Vostok or on other planets is rooted in understanding what we know about microbial life in cold environments (83; C. Zimmer, New York Times, 6 July 2007).Since water is the major constituent of life, the manner in which its physical properties depend on temperature is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms that govern cold tolerance and acclimation. A number of Earth's microorganisms have the ability to cope with low temperatures, which makes them among Earth's most successful colonizers (62,63). In this review we summarize how physical properties of water at cold temperatures affect the physiology of microorganisms and we focus on the molecular mechanisms revealed by recent biochemical and genetic studies that shed light on microbial adaptations to cold.Effects of cold on physical properties of water and on biochemical reactions. Properties of water have a profound influence on the physical and chemical processes that are essential for life (51). Water is the only chemical compound that occurs naturally in solid, liquid, and vapor phases and the only naturally occurring inorganic liquid on Earth (51). The water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The HOH angle is 104.5 o , and the intramolecular OH distance is 0.957 Å (37). A strong, directional attraction occurs between an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom belonging to a different water molecule, i.e., a hydrogen bond (168). At temperatures below 4°C, hydrogen bonds force energy and volume, as well as entropy and volume, to be negatively correlated, while the correlations are positive for most liquids. The negative correlation between entropy and volume is a consequence of the formation of an open hydrogen-bound network in which a decrease in orientation entropy is accompanied by an increase in volume (37). This tendency of water molecules to attract each other strongly through hydrogen bonds is responsible for the unusual properties of water (37).In a subzero environment, water can be supercooled or frozen (52). Supercooling is not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of water-soluble substances, except in rare cases where such substances might be present at near-saturation concentrations at normal temperatures and precipitate ...

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Biodiversity of cryopegs in permafrost

Cited by 186 publications

References 52 publications

Diversity of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island, continental Antarctic

Diversity of microfungi in ornithogenic soils from Beaufort Island, continental Antarctic

Life in the Cold: Proteomics of the Antarctic Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis

Coping with Our Cold Planet

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