Biodiversity of Fusarium species in ears and stalks of maize plants in Belgium

Scauflaire, Jonathan; Mahieu, Olivier; Louvieaux, Julien; Foucart, Guy; Renard, Fabien; Munaut, Françoise

doi:10.1007/s10658-011-9787-1

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The phenomenon of symptomless infection by Fusarium species is in accordance with previous findings [11]. The most important reason for the discrepancy between visual pre-harvest symptoms and real infection is supposed to be the symptomless endophytic growth of some Fusarium species.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Incidence of Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Silage Maize

Eckard

Wettstein

Forrer

et al. 2011

Toxins

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Maize is frequently infected by the Fusarium species producing mycotoxins. Numerous investigations have focused on grain maize, but little is known about the Fusarium species in the entire plant used for silage. Furthermore, mycotoxins persist during the ensiling process and thus endanger feed safety. In the current study, we analyzed 20 Swiss silage maize samples from growers’ fields for the incidence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins. The species spectrum was analyzed morphologically and mycotoxins were measured by LC-MS/MS. A pre-harvest visual disease rating showed few disease symptoms. In contrast, the infection rate of two-thirds of the harvest samples ranged from 25 to 75% and twelve different Fusarium species were isolated. The prevailing species were F. sporotrichioides, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum. No infection specificity for certain plant parts was observed. The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) was found in each sample (ranging from 780 to 2990 µg kg−1). Other toxins detected in descending order were zearalenone, further trichothecenes (nivalenol, HT-2 and T-2 toxin, acetylated DON) and fumonisins. A generalized linear regression model containing the three cropping factors harvest date, pre-precrop and seed treatment was established, to explain DON contamination of silage maize. Based on these findings, we suggest a European-wide survey on silage maize.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Incidence of Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Silage Maize

Eckard

Wettstein

Forrer

et al. 2011

Toxins

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“…In a first experiment, strains of the major Fusarium species isolated from maize in Belgium were selected for the comparative pathogenicity assays (Scauflaire et al 2011b). Therefore, the pathogenicity of five welldescribed F. temperatum strains was compared to that of 24 strains of F graminearum, F avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides, six Fusarium species commonly recovered on maize in Europe.…”

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a second experiment, the mycotoxigenic potential of a larger set of 11 welldescribed F. temperatum strains was evaluated and compared to that of three phylogenetically closely related species, F. subglutinans, F. circinatum and F. konzum (Table 1). All strains used in this study were identified previously using morphological and phylogenetic characterization (Nirenberg and O'Donnell 1998;Zeller et al 2003;Scauflaire et al 2011b).…”

Section: Fungal Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusarium temperatum, a mycotoxin-producing pathogen of maize

et al. 2012

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In a recent study, a population of Fusarium strains isolated from maize in Belgium was described as a new species, F. temperatum, that is morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related to F. subglutinans, a species in the American clade of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. In fields, the F. temperatum:F. subglutinans ratio was very high, suggesting that F. temperatum outcompetes its sister species F. subglutinans. This raised the question whether this novel species contributes to the final rot symptoms observed on maize plants at harvest, as well as to the potential mycotoxin contamination. Results of the pathogenicity tests by soil and toothpick inoculation demonstrate the ability of F. temperatum to cause seedling malformation and stalk rot under greenhouse conditions. Screening of 15 Fusarium mycotoxins showed the ability of F. temperatum to produce moniliformin, beauvericin, enniatins and fumonisin B 1 .The results indicate that F. temperatum can produce mycotoxins and cause maize diseases and, therefore, poses a potential risk to maize production and to the safety of human food and animal feed.

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“…In Europe, F. verticillioides is more prevalent in the southern regions and is found associated with maize grain and by-products in France, Spain and Italy (Bottalico, 1998). In Belgium, however, F. graminearum is the most prevalent species associated with Fusarium -induced ear rots (Scauflaire et al , 2011); in New Zealand, F. graminearum is also the most dominant species among several others found to infect kernels, whereas F. verticillioides is rarely found (Hussein et al , 2002). In Africa, several reports indicate F. verticillioides as the most prevalent fungus on maize (Fandohan et al , 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium species and fumonisins associated with maize kernels produced in Rio Grande do Sul State for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons

Stumpf

Santos

Gomes

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (FDKs), the incidence of two main Gibberella (a teleomorph of Fusarium) complexes (G. fujikuroi and G. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grown across 23 municipalities during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. Additionally, 104 strains that were representative of all of the analysed samples were identified to species using PCR assays. The mean FDK was seven per cent, and only six of the samples had levels greater than six per cent. Fusarium spp. of the G. fujikuroi complex were present in 96% of the samples, and G. zeae was present in 18% of the samples (5/27). The mean incidence of G. fujikuroi was 58%, and the incidence of G. zeae varied from 2 to 6%. FB1 was found in 58.6%, FB2 in 37.9%, and both toxins in 37.9% of the samples. The FB1 and FB2 levels were below the quantification limits for 41.3% of the samples, and the mean FB1 levels (0.66 μg/g) were higher than the mean FB2 levels (0.42 μg/g). The PCR identification separated the 104 isolates into three of the G. fujikuroi complex: F. verticillioides (76%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. proliferatum (2%); and G. zeae (anamorph = F. graminearum) (18%). Our results confirmed the dominance of F. verticillioides, similar to other regions of Brazil, but they differed due to the relatively higher incidence of F. graminearum. Total fumonisin levels were below the maximum limit determined by current Brazilian regulations.

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Biodiversity of Fusarium species in ears and stalks of maize plants in Belgium

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Incidence of Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Silage Maize

Incidence of Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins in Silage Maize

Fusarium temperatum, a mycotoxin-producing pathogen of maize

Fusarium species and fumonisins associated with maize kernels produced in Rio Grande do Sul State for the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons

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