Biodiversity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Turkey by Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Kekeçoğlu, Meral; Kambur, Merve; Uçak, Münir; Çaprazli, Tuğçe; Bir, Songül

doi:10.46309/biodicon.2020.773984

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our analyzed A. m. caucasica reference samples showed more than 7.06. Beekeepers in this area have similar habits of rotation and replacement due to various environmental conditions (Čápek et al 2016;Kambur et al 2018;Kekeçoğlu et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric characteristics of Apis mellifera honeybee in Kazakhstan

NURALIEVA,

TAJIYEV,

SHERALIEVA

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Nuralieva U, Tajiyev K, Sheralieva Z, Toishimanov M, Moldakhmetova G, Temirbayeva K, Tajieva A. 2023. Geometric morphometric characteristics of Apis mellifera honeybee in Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 4402-4409. This study was conducted in the whole beekeeping region of Kazakhstan. We researched morphological studies using (45 colony bees in 5 main regions in various geographical and climatic zone environmental conditions. The obtained data were compared with the Apis mellifera carnica reference samples, Apis mellifera caucasica, and Apis mellifera mellifera. Morphometric identification was carried out using 19 landmarks by IdentiFly software. Almost all colonies showed belonging to the lineage C (about 85%), by subspecies to A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasica showed 11%, A. m. mellifera belonged to only 4%. Furthermore, using multivariate principal component analysis compared honeybee lineages between reference samples. There were significant differences in wing landmarks between lineages and subspecies (Mahalanobis square distance). By Mahalanobis, distances between the evolutionary lineages M differ from line C by 15.93 and from line O by 19.03 units. In contrast, the distance between lines C and O is insignificant, with satisfactory reliability. The forewing wing size evaluated centroid size, which showed the highest degree of honeybees in the west and south Kazakhstan zones. The percentage of variation in wing centroids was relatively small between analyzed samples (less than 1%) but extremely changed for reference samples A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasica, A. m. mellifera, where log centroid sizes showed 1.33%, 4.18%, and 4.67%, respectively. The results showed significant differences between populations in different climatic zones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric morphometric characteristics of Apis mellifera honeybee in Kazakhstan

NURALIEVA,

TAJIYEV,

SHERALIEVA

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…Sampling was carried out mostly from, locally managed nonmigratory and requeening colonies in apiaries and 5-10 honey bee colonies were randomly chosen from per apiary, and all colonies were described by means of 15 worker bees. Preparation of sample collections for the microscope was done according to the method of Kekeçoğlu et al, (2020). The study material consisted of the right front wing of each worker bee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türkiye'de Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L.) Populasyonlarının Ayırt Edilmesi İçin Yeni Morfometrik Yaklaşım

KEKEÇOĞLU,

BİR,

KAMBUR

2023

Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi

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Today, 29 subspecies have been defined, each of which is adapted to a certain set of environmental characteristics, spreading all over the world except Antarctica. Many morphological and morphometric features have been used to classify honey bees from the past to the present. It has been reported that features such as length, angle and indices coming from the front wings are very efficient for classification. In recent studies, various programs have been developed and automatic classification has been attempted through the images of bee wings. This study aimed to determine the naturally occurring honey bee biodiversity in Turkiye by measuring 7 areas (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) on the right front wing. For this purpose, a total of 3392 worker bee samples were collected from 143 colonies in 19 provinces of Turkiye. The photographs of the prepared preparations were taken at 1X magnification with the BAB camera system connected to the BAB STR45 stereozoom microscope. The measurements of 7 areas on the right front wings of honey bee populations distributed in Turkiye were made automatically in the BAB Bs200ProP program. Colony averages of the raw data of the area measurements of each province were taken and the results were evaluated with Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) in the SPSS.15 package program. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to separate the groups to determine the variation within and between groups. As a result of this study, the minimum total area was seen in Van at 4.51 and the maximum total area was seen in Ardahan at 5.76. The average size of the measured areas decreased from the north-east to the south of Turkiye. Area measurements on the forewing were found to be a marker for distinguishing Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca) and Caucasian (A. m. caucasica) honey bees.

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Determination of Anatolian Honeybee Biodiversity by Wing Characters

Kekeçoğlu,

Bir,

Acar

2023

Sociobiology

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In this study, we report that there were five different subspecies and three different ecotypes defined so far in Türkiye, which has a rich biodiversity in terms of honeybee subspecies. However, recently, it has been thought that the current biodiversity is in danger of extinction due to the commercial queen bee supply and the migratory beekeeping activities from a single source. This study uses the morphometric method to reveal the current status of honeybee biodiversity in Türkiye. For this purpose, a total of 3186 worker bees were studied by samplings from 19 different provinces to represent the honeybee races and ecotypes distributed in Türkiye. We made wing preparations and established 19 landmarks on the right forewings using the BAB BsPro200 program. The program automatically obtained the wing’s metrics’ angle, length, and index values via these 19 landmarks. We used Discriminant function analysis to determine intragroup and intergroup variations by taking the colony averages from data obtained from 31 morphological characters. Given the canonical discriminant function analysis and UPGMA dendrogram, Zonguldak, Düzce, Sakarya, Artvin, Ardahan, and Trabzon constituted a group, and Edirne, Kilis, Van, and Isparta formed a separate group. Hakkari, Kahramanmaraş, and Ordu provinces formed a separate line together. On the other hand, the group centers of Kars and Kırklareli, two different ends of Türkiye, overlapped and formed a close line with Isparta. As a result, this study revealed that, although the protection measures taken at the local level effectively protected the honeybee biodiversity, these measures are insufficient.

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Biodiversity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Turkey by Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Geometric morphometric characteristics of Apis mellifera honeybee in Kazakhstan

Geometric morphometric characteristics of Apis mellifera honeybee in Kazakhstan

Türkiye'de Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L.) Populasyonlarının Ayırt Edilmesi İçin Yeni Morfometrik Yaklaşım

Determination of Anatolian Honeybee Biodiversity by Wing Characters

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