Biodiversity of Orthoptera

Song, Ho‐Jun

doi:10.1002/9781118945582.ch10

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Among the 20 families of Caelifera examined, only Pamphagidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Chorotypidae, Tetrigidae and Tridactylidae are supported as monophyletic. Due to the involvement of two newly determined Dericorythidae species (Conophymacris viridis and Dericorys annulata), the monophyly of Acrididae is not supported (Additional file 4: Figure S2), which is inconsistent with previous studies [17,41,[43][44][45], in which did not sampled Dericorythidae species. Dericorythidae was once treated as a subfamily within the Acrididae, but Eades (2000) elevated it to the family level on the basis of the presence of a deep groove in the endophallic sclerite and the presence of a pseudoarch in the phallic structures, both of which make members of this family distinct from the other species of the Acrididae [45,46].…”

Section: Phylogenetic Relationships Of Orthoptera Lineagescontrasting

confidence: 85%

MtOrt: an empirical mitochondrial amino acid substitution model for evolutionary studies of Orthoptera insects

et al. 2020

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Background: Amino acid substitution models play an important role in inferring phylogenies from proteins. Although different amino acid substitution models have been proposed, only a few were estimated from mitochondrial protein sequences for specific taxa such as the mtArt model for Arthropoda. The increasing of mitochondrial genome data from broad Orthoptera taxa provides an opportunity to estimate the Orthopteraspecific mitochondrial amino acid empirical model. Results: We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 54 Orthoptera species, and estimated an amino acid substitution model (named mtOrt) by maximum likelihood method based on the 283 complete mitochondrial genomes available currently. The results indicated that there are obvious differences between mtOrt and the existing models, and the new model can better fit the Orthoptera mitochondrial protein datasets. Moreover, topologies of trees constructed using mtOrt and existing models are frequently different. MtOrt does indeed have an impact on likelihood improvement as well as tree topologies. The comparisons between the topologies of trees constructed using mtOrt and existing models show that the new model outperforms the existing models in inferring phylogenies from Orthoptera mitochondrial protein data. Conclusions: The new mitochondrial amino acid substitution model of Orthoptera shows obvious differences from the existing models, and outperforms the existing models in inferring phylogenies from Orthoptera mitochondrial protein sequences.

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Section: Phylogenetic Relationships Of Orthoptera Lineagescontrasting

confidence: 85%

MtOrt: an empirical mitochondrial amino acid substitution model for evolutionary studies of Orthoptera insects

et al. 2020

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“…Grasshoppers comprises of a group of short horned insects that belongs to the superfamily Acridoidea, suborder Caelifera within order Orthoptera. They are characterized by gradual metamorphosis, mouthparts made for chewing, and two pairs of wings, the anterior part being thick and leathery and covering the folded second pair [11,12]. Grasshoppers have a typical insect body plan of head, thorax and abdomen.…”

Section: Acetylcholinesterasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Organ Distribution, Characterization and Modification of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Adult African Grasshopper: Zonocerus sp Linn.

Fajemisin

Bamidele

Ogunsola

et al. 2019

AJRB

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Aim: To determine the organ distribution and characterization of acetylcholinesterase in the adult African variegated grasshoppers – Zonocerus variegatus and Zonocerus elegans. (Zonocerus Sp. Linn) Place and Duration of the Study: The insect model: African variegated grasshoppers are gotten from the Open green fields at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, and research was carried out between March and June, 2016 in the Enzymology laboratory, Biochemistry department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Methodology: Twenty (20) adults variegated grasshoppers were taken from the Open field in the University community, and taken to the Biology department for Identification. After identification, the specimen was weighed, freeze, dissected into fractions (Head, Thorax and Abdomen) and then homogenized to get the crude protein extract. The crude enzyme extract is further purified using the Ion-exchange chromatography with column bed packed with DEAE – Sephadex A50. The protein content of the purified AChE was determined using the Lowry method while the Acetylcholinesterase activity was determined by the Ellman’s assay procedures. The characterization of AChE was tested by modifying agent such as N-Bromo Succinamide (NBS) which confirms the presence of key aromatic proteins involve in catalysis at the active site of the enzyme. Results: The protein concentration according to their fractions: Head (35.7%), Thorax (29.2%), and Abdomen (35.1%). The AChE activity according to their fractions: Head (38.6%), Thorax (23.7%), and Abdomen (37.7%). The specific activity which relates the AChE activity to protein content is given: Head (28.8%), Thorax (40.4%), and Abdomen (30.8%). From the Organ distribution and AChE activity, it was observed that the Head Fractions has the Highest protein content, and Enzyme activity. Comparatively, there are slight differences in the Enzyme activity of the Head and Abdominal fractions which represents the two peaks in the AChE chart. As well, the thorax has the highest specific activity. The modification by the chemical agent NBS shows a drastic decrease (about 50%) in Enzyme activity and characterize enzyme active site with aromatic proteins especially tryptophan residues. Conclusion: Research findings shows the dominance of AChE protein in the Head region, hence high enzyme activity (useful for nervous coordination) as well as presence of tryptophan residues at the enzyme active site. The importance of research is useful in enzymology, neuroscience and public health.

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“…Some of the species are found in cold regions of the world. In this respect, they occupy more territory than species in the Ensifera suborder (Ingrisch & Rentz, 2009; Song, 2018). Pseudochorthippus parallelus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) which is the most widespread subspecies is mostly confused with Pseudochorthippus parallelus erythropus (Faber, 1958) (Orthoptera, Acrididae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some of the species belonging to the Acrididae family feed on grasses, some of them prefer a wide variety of herbaceous plants as nutrition (Chapman & Sword, 1997; Song, 2018). Although most grasshoppers are polyphagous, many species can be oligophagous (Song, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology and histology of the female reproductive system of Pseudochorthippus parallelus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) and the histochemical features of the yolk granules

Mutlu

2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Since insects belonging to the Acrididae family have different nutritional preferences, and their physical characteristics differ, they pose a problem in classification for taxonomists. In order to remove this confusion, the biology of the species belonging to this family should be well known. Therefore, the morphology and histology of the female reproductive system of Pseudochorthippus parallelus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) and histochemical content of the yolk granules accumulating in oocyte cytoplasm have been studied by using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in this paper. The reproductive system of females of this species has five or six ovarioles in each ovary. The histological data revealed that the ovary of P. parallelus parallelus is of panoistic type, with each ovariole divided into a terminal filament, a germarium, a vitellarium, and a pedicel. The histochemical features of the yolk granules which accumulate in the oocyte cytoplasm have been also identified. During the oocyte developmental stage, the accumulation of progressively larger yolk granules has been observed in the ooplasm. Histochemical staining has revealed that these yolk granules are in protein and carbohydrate structures.

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Biodiversity of Orthoptera

Cited by 22 publications

References 97 publications

MtOrt: an empirical mitochondrial amino acid substitution model for evolutionary studies of Orthoptera insects

MtOrt: an empirical mitochondrial amino acid substitution model for evolutionary studies of Orthoptera insects

The Organ Distribution, Characterization and Modification of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Adult African Grasshopper: Zonocerus sp Linn.

The morphology and histology of the female reproductive system of Pseudochorthippus parallelus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) and the histochemical features of the yolk granules

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