Biodiversity of Phasmatodea

Bradler, Sven; Buckley, Thomas R.

doi:10.1002/9781118945582.ch11

Cited by 61 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Furthermore, Pterophasmatidae fam. nov. share some apomorphies with living groups: labrum emarginated [5,9,31], antennifer well-defined [5,8,9], metasternum and abdominal sternum I fused [5,[23][24][25], male with thorn pads in tergum X [5,14] and cerci unsegmented [5,8,32]. Therefore, Pterophasmatidae fam.…”

Section: (B) Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stick insects have a fairly poor fossil record [4,13,14], and the taxonomic positions of most fossil taxa remain uncertain because of the lack of informative characters visible or preserved. However, the extinct Susumanioidea Gorochov, 1988 have been interpreted to be true stem-group Phasmatodea and are probably paraphyletic with respect to the Euphasmatodea [13,14]. Nel & Delfosse [15] described Renphasma of Susumaniidae, which has a typical vomer of extant stick insects, supporting the hypothesis that these winged fossil taxa and modern stick insects belong to the same clade, but the exact relationship among these extinct winged and extant wingless and shorter winged stick insects still remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cretaceous winged stick insects clarify the early evolution of Phasmatodea

Yang

Lin

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Wingless and shorter winged stick insects are very common today, but most known extinct stick insects had fully developed wings, leading to contentious affinities among the extinct winged and extant groups. We report herein three male winged stick insects, assigned to Pterophasmatidae fam. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Pterophasmatidae fam. nov. are regarded as transitional taxa from extinct winged to modern wingless and shorter winged stick insects based on their similar tegmina venation with extinct Susumanioidea and some body features the same as extant Phasmatodea. However, their symmetric phallic organs comprising two consistent phallomeres are different from those of all living groups. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the extinct winged taxa, including the new family, are the stem groups of modern stick and leaf insects, and all of them constitute the clade of Phasmatodea. New findings indicate winged and wingless stick insects' morphologies diversified significantly during or before the mid-Cretaceous.

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Section: (B) Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cretaceous winged stick insects clarify the early evolution of Phasmatodea

Yang

Lin

et al. 2019

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Most recently, phasmatodean systematics were described as "muddled" and "burdened with much paraphyly and polyphyly" by Engel et al (2016). This shortcoming largely impedes the study of evolutionary patterns within this group and yet, stick insects are an emerging model system in evolutionary biology (Brand et al, 2018, for overview, see also Bradler and Buckley, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They exhibit impressive forms of camouflage directed against visually hunting predators by imitation of various parts of plants, such as twigs, bark and leaves (Figure 1). Over 3,100 described species are distributed across nearly 500 genera (Bradler, 2015;Bradler and Buckley, 2018). The relative large number of genera, of which around 175 are monotypic, reflects the degree of disparity regarding the morphological diversity found in Phasmatodea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World and New World Phasmatodea: Phylogenomics Resolve the Evolutionary History of Stick and Leaf Insects

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, assemblages of orthopterous insects, especially brachypterous species, provide valuable information on habitat conditions and the status of sites (Marini et al 2009). Orthopterans in Madagascar include a large percentage (ca 80-90%) of endemic species (Descamps and Wintrebert 1965, Dirsh and Descamps 1968, Descamps 1971, Wintrebert 1972, Devriese 1991, 1995, Braud et al 2014; a similar situation is also known in the phasmids (Bradler and Buckley 2018) and mantids (Ehrmann 2002). Non-endemics show similarities with African or Indomalayan orthopteroid fauna (e.g., Hemp 2009, Braud et al 2014, Heller et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Assemblages of orthopteroid insects along environmental gradients in central and southern Madagascar

Krištín¹,

Heller²,

Zemko³

et al. 2019

JOR

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Madagascar is one of the world hotspots for endemics, and its rapidly changing habitats accelerate the need for their study and conservation. Orthopterans, mantids, phasmids, and cockroaches were sampled in five main habitats (savanna and shrubland, semiarid spiny forest, rainforest, mountain grass- and shrubland, and cultivated habitats) in central and southern Madagascar (41 sites, 0–2250 m a.s.l.) with the aim of getting the first data on their diversity and distribution along environmental gradients shortly after the rainy period. Samples were collected primarily by sweeping herb and shrub vegetation along transects 100 m long and 1–2 m wide (5–8 transects/site) and supplemented using other techniques. Altogether 117 species of orthopteroid insects were found (94 Orthoptera, 7 Mantodea, 4 Phasmida, and 12 Blattodea), among them two katydid species which had been recently described as new to science (Mimoscudderia longicaudata Heller & Krištín, 2019, Parapyrrhicia leuca Hemp & Heller, 2019). High species diversity was documented: altogether 63 species (53.8%) were present at only one site, 14 (12%) at two sites, and 5 species (4.2%) at three sites. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis on species composition did not clearly separate the assemblages of the sampled sites. Species assemblages from four habitats overlapped due to their similarity. Only assemblages from the rainforest sites were partially separated from the other sites. Cultivated habitats were characterized by the most frequent (F > 50%) and abundant grasshopper species, such as Acorypha decisa, Aiolopus thalassinus rodericensis, Oedaleus virgula, Gelastorrhinus edax, Gymnobothrus spp,. and Acrotylus spp. We found a significant association between habitat management and species rareness, where the number of rare species was higher in natural/unmanaged habitats. However, we found no association between habitat management and the number of endemic species. For several species we provide the first detailed data on their localities and habitat.

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Biodiversity of Phasmatodea

Cited by 61 publications

References 126 publications

Cretaceous winged stick insects clarify the early evolution of Phasmatodea

Cretaceous winged stick insects clarify the early evolution of Phasmatodea

Old World and New World Phasmatodea: Phylogenomics Resolve the Evolutionary History of Stick and Leaf Insects

Assemblages of orthopteroid insects along environmental gradients in central and southern Madagascar

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