Biodiversity of Yeasts in the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem with Emphasis on Its Importance for the Host

Urubschurov, Vladimir; Janczyk, Paweł

doi:10.5772/24108

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Less than 1% of the microbial species from the marine environment can be cultivated [69]. Similarly, only approximately 1% of yeast species has been described thus far [70]. In the last decades, several molecular methods have been developed to study natural samples.…”

Section: Methods To Analyze the Yeast Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Yeasts as Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture

Navarrete¹,

Tovar‐Ramírez²

2014

Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques

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Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that are taxonomically placed within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota within the Kingdom Fungi [7]. Ascomycete yeasts comprise approximately 1,000 phylogenetically diverse species that have recently been assigned to 14 different lineages on the basis of multigene sequence analysis [8]. The other species of yeasts are classified as the basidiomycetes [9]. Some of the general characteristics and ecological properties of each phylum include the following: 1) the cell wall polysaccharide composition is dominated by chitin in the basidiomycetes and by β-glucans in the ascomycetes; 2) the guanine + cytosine (G + C) composition of the nuclear DNA tends to be higher than 50% in basidiomycetes and lower than 50% in ascomycetes; 3) ascomycetes yeasts are generally more fermentative, more copiotrophic (but at the same time nutritionally specialized), more fragrant, and mostly hyaline, while basidiomycete yeasts more often form mucoid colonies, Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques 136 Marine samples Identified yeast Identification method Reference

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Section: Methods To Analyze the Yeast Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Yeasts as Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture

Navarrete¹,

Tovar‐Ramírez²

2014

Sustainable Aquaculture Techniques

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“…This absence of a link between rifampicin and maternal care may first suggest that earwig parental care is shaped by microbes that are non-sensitive to rifampicin. In insects, gut microbial communities do not only encompass a broad diversity of bacteria (among which some are resistant to rifampicin) but also fungi, protists and other microorganisms that could have key roles in hosts biology [41,64,65]. Even if the previous experimental works linking gut microbiota and host sociality focused on bacteria [17–21], future studies will be required to confirm that no other members of the gut microbiota shape parental care in our study species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of gut microbiota with a broad-spectrum antibiotic does not impair maternal care in the European earwig

Meyel

Devers

Dupont

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The microbes residing within the gut of an animal host often maximise their own fitness by modifying their host’s physiological, reproductive, and behavioural functions. Whereas recent studies suggest that they may also shape host sociality and therefore have critical effects on animal social evolution, the impact of the gut microbiota on maternal care remains unexplored. This is surprising, as this social behaviour is widespread among animals, often determines the fitness of both juveniles and parents, and is essential in the evolution of complex animal societies. Here, we address this gap in knowledge by testing whether life-long alterations of the gut microbiota with rifampicin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic - impair the expression of pre- and post-hatching maternal care in the European earwig, an insect exhibiting extensive forms of maternal care towards eggs and juveniles. Our results first confirm that rifampicin altered the mothers’ gut microbial communities and revealed that the composition of the gut microbiota differs before and after egg care. Contrary to our predictions, however, the rifampicin-induced alterations of the gut microbiota did not modify the expression of pre- or post-hatching care. Independent of maternal care, rifampicin increased the females’ feces production and resulted in lighter eggs and juveniles. By contrast, rifampicin altered none of the other 23 physiological, reproductive and longevity traits measured over the females’ lifetime. Overall, these findings reveal that altering the gut microbiota does not necessarily affect host sociality. More generally, our results emphasize that not all animals have evolved a co-dependence with their microbiota.

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“…Members within this class especially genera Debaryomyces , Candida , and Saccharomyces are known as commensal fungi, and they can be assigned to saprotrophic, symbiotic, and pathogenic modes. The consistent detection of these members in the intestine indicates their importance for the host in growth promotion, decomposition, and redistribution of nutrients ( Hättenschwiler et al, 2005 ), as well as in the production of several important enzymes to promote the digestion of complex carbohydrates ( Urubschurov and Janczyk, 2011 ; Navarrete and Tovar-Ramírez, 2014 ). In addition, these fungi are involved in host defense in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts

et al. 2018

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As an integral part of the resident microbial community of fish intestinal tract, the mycobiota is expected to play important roles in health and disease resistance of the host. The composition of the diverse fungal communities, which colonize the intestine, is greatly influenced by the host, their diet and geographic origin. Studies of fungal communities are rare and the majority of previous studies have relied on culture-based methods. In particular, fungal communities in fish are also poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth overview of the intestinal mycobiota in a model fish species (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and to determine differences in fungal composition between wild and captive specimens. We have profiled the intestinal mycobiota of wild-caught (Sharavati River, India), laboratory-reared (Bodø, Norway) and wild-caught-laboratory-kept (Uttara, India) zebrafish by sequencing the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Wild fish were exposed to variable environmental factors, whereas both laboratory groups were kept in controlled conditions. There were also differences in husbandry practices at Bodø and Uttara, particularly diet. Zebrafish from Bodø were reared in the laboratory for over 10 generations, while wild-caught-laboratory-kept fish from Uttara were housed in the laboratory for only 2 months before sample collection. The intestine of zebrafish contained members of more than 15 fungal classes belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Fungal species richness and diversity distinguished the wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish communities. Wild-caught zebrafish-associated mycobiota comprised mainly Dothideomycetes in contrast to their Saccharomycetes-dominated laboratory-reared counterparts. The predominant Saccharomycetes in laboratory-reared fish belonged to the saprotrophic guild. Another characteristic feature of laboratory-reared fish was the significantly higher abundance of Cryptococcus (Tremellomycetes) compared to wild fish. This pioneer study has shed light into the differences in the intestinal fungal communities of wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish and the baseline data generated will enrich our knowledge on fish mycobiota.

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Biodiversity of Yeasts in the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem with Emphasis on Its Importance for the Host

Cited by 13 publications

References 102 publications

Use of Yeasts as Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture

Use of Yeasts as Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture

Alteration of gut microbiota with a broad-spectrum antibiotic does not impair maternal care in the European earwig

The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts

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