Biodiversity of Zoraptera and Their Little‐Known Biology

Choe, Jae Chun

doi:10.1002/9781118945582.ch8

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…As another example, Z. gurneyi produces males, but parthenogenetically reproducing populations also occur (Choe, ). As Choe () stated in a recent review, divergent mating systems are exhibited even between sympatric species. Therefore, it is still debatable whether the spiral was present or absent in the groundplan of clade 2a + 2b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Zoraptera is the third smallest order in Insecta after Mantophasmatodea and Grylloblattodea. The group is mainly distributed in subtropical and tropical regions (Grimaldi & Engel, 2005;Beutel et al, 2014;Mashimo et al, 2014c;Choe, 2018). Its phylogenetic position has been controversial (reviewed in Mashimo et al, 2014c;Kjer et al, 2016;Beutel et al, 2017), with consensus apparently reached recently with Zoraptera being placed in a monophyletic Polyneoptera based on different sources of evidence (Yoshizawa, 2011;Misof et al, 2014;Wipfler & Pass, 2014;Mashimo et al, 2014aMashimo et al, , 2015Matsumura et al, 2015;Wipfler et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, a genus described by Chao & Chen (2000) was synonymized with Zorotypus (Engel, 2000). Since then, Engel's monogeneric classification has been widely accepted (Rafael & Engel, 2006;Terry & Whiting, 2012;Mashimo et al, 2013;Yin et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016;Choe, 2018). The described species of Zorotypus are relatively small, typically < 3 mm, and live cryptically, mainly in rotten trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The described species of Zorotypus are relatively small, typically < 3 mm, and live cryptically, mainly in rotten trees. They lack any conspicuous features with the exceptions of a very distinct dimorphism (apterous and alate morphs) and extremely varying genitalia (Mashimo et al, 2014c;Choe, 2018). Considering the assumed reconstructed common ancestor of Polyneoptera , Zoraptera have apparently acquired a lifestyle characterized by cryptic habitats, gregarious behaviour and miniaturization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of Zoraptera

Matsumura

Beutel

Rafael

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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Zoraptera is one of the most enigmatic and least understood orders in insects. Based on a wide taxon sampling from all continents where the group is known, we applied a phylogenetic approach using multiple DNA sequences to elucidate species‐level relationships. The resulting phylogeny shows that Zoraptera is divided into three major clades, and that two comprise species distributed on different continents. The monophyly of these clades is at least partly supported by shared derived morphological features. The divergence age estimation and ancestral distribution area reconstruction suggest an ancient origin and early radiation initiated in the Permian. Plate tectonics theory suggests that the present distribution of Zoraptera was mainly established by vicariance, rather than dispersal. The three major clades probably originated on the Pangaea supercontinent, or alternatively on the linked Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. Their ancient origin explains previously found conspicuous interspecific variation of the genital apparatus, sperm structure and mating behaviour, in striking contrast to a highly conserved general body morphology. We compiled data of available reproductive features and reconstructed the character evolution. Our analyses revealed repeated acquisitions and/or losses of a hyperelongated intromittent organ, mating hooks and tergal protuberances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The evolution of Zoraptera

Matsumura

Beutel

Rafael

et al. 2019

Systematic Entomology

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“…Zoraptera, whose members are commonly known as angel insects, is one of the smallest and least-known insect orders [1][2][3]. This order represents an old evolutionary lineage with a Paleozoic origin [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta)

Kočárek

Horká

Kundrata

2020

Insects

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Zoraptera is a small and predominantly tropical insect order with an unresolved higher classification due to the extremely uniform external body morphology. We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological characters in order to propose a natural infraordinal classification. We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which we propose family ranks. The two families exhibit striking differences in male genitalia and reproductive strategies. Each family contains two subclades (subfamilies) supported by several morphological synapomorphies including the relative lengths of the basal antennomeres, the number and position of metatibial spurs, and the structure of male genitalia. The newly proposed higher classification of Zoraptera includes the family Zorotypidae stat. revid. with Zorotypinae Silvestri, 1913 (Zorotypus stat. revid., Usazoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993 stat. restit.) and Spermozorinae subfam. nov. (Spermozoros gen. nov.), and Spriralizoridae fam. nov. with Spiralizorinae subfam. nov. (Spiralizoros gen. nov., Scapulizoros gen. nov., Cordezoros gen. nov., Centrozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit., Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.), and Latinozorinae subfam. nov. (Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.). An identification key and morphological diagnoses for all supraspecific taxa are provided.

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Cryptic diversity in Zoraptera: Latinozoros barberi (Gurney, 1938) is a complex of at least three species (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae)

Kočárek

Horká

2023

PLoS ONE

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The order Zoraptera contains relatively few species, but current molecular phylogenetic studies suggest an unexpectedly high level of cryptic diversity in the order with many overlooked species based on morphology alone. Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 represents the only genus of monotypic Latinozorinae (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae) with only one species described, L. barberi (Gurney, 1938), until now. Although this species has been repeatedly reported from a number of locations in South and Central America, it is likely a complex of unrecognized species. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction revealing three genetically distinct lineages in Latinozoros, and we also present detailed morphological comparisons that prove the species status of Latinozoros cacaoensis sp. nov. from French Guiana and L. gimmeli sp. nov. from the Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Panama. The results indicate that the species previously referred to L. barberi is actually a species complex that includes L. barberi, the new species described here, and perhaps other species.

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Biodiversity of Zoraptera and Their Little‐Known Biology

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

The evolution of Zoraptera

The evolution of Zoraptera

Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta)

Cryptic diversity in Zoraptera: Latinozoros barberi (Gurney, 1938) is a complex of at least three species (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae)

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