Bioelectronic Recordings of Cardiomyocytes with Accumulation Mode Electrolyte Gated Organic Field Effect Transistors

Kyndiah, Adrica; Leonardi, Francesca; Tarantino, Carolina; Cramer, Tobias; Millán-Solsona, Rubén; Garreta, Elena; Montserrat, Núria; Mas‐Torrent, Marta; Gomila, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.111844

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] Having access to this information can be specifically useful for the case of biosensors based on organic transistors and to better understand the coupling of excitable cells with these devices for electrical cell recordings. [3] The application of the present approach to other electrolyte gated transistors, including OECTs, requires further study. OECTs do not have a field effect transport but rather an ionic modulation of a high bulk conductivity.…”

Section: (6 Of 8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the field of organic bioelectronics has experienced a fast evolution and development, with relevant emerging bioelectronic applications, among which the realization of bioelectronic recordings in excitable cells [ 1–3 ] and the development of label‐free biosensors. [ 4–8 ] One of the main devices used in these applications is the electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor (EGOFET).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the field of organic bioelectronics has experienced a fast evolution and development, with relevant emerging bioelectronic applications, among which the realization of bioelectronic recordings in excitable cells [1][2][3] and the organic transistors operated in air or vacuum, [12,13,16,17] still has not been demonstrated for transistors operated in electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) has shown the possibility to probe local variations in ion transport in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) from the measurement of sub-nanometer volumetric expansions due to ion uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example of application we consider EGOFETs based on a blend of the organic semiconducting material 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT) with the insulating polymer polystyrene (PS), which we recently used as a bioelectronic recording platform for excitable cells. [3,27] EGOFETs based on organic blends have attracted the attention during the past few years due to their enhanced electrical performance and remarkable stability. [28,29] The impressive performance of these devices is believed to be correlated to the nanoscale structure of the organic semiconductor thin film, which shows an enhanced crystallinity and, in some cases, the presence of a nanostructured top insulating protective layer derived from a vertical phase separation phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation

Kyndiah

Checa

Leonardi

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non‐uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label‐free biosensing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (6 Of 8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the field of organic bioelectronics has experienced a fast evolution and development, with relevant emerging bioelectronic applications, among which the realization of bioelectronic recordings in excitable cells [ 1–3 ] and the development of label‐free biosensors. [ 4–8 ] One of the main devices used in these applications is the electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor (EGOFET).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years the field of organic bioelectronics has experienced a fast evolution and development, with relevant emerging bioelectronic applications, among which the realization of bioelectronic recordings in excitable cells [1][2][3] and the organic transistors operated in air or vacuum, [12,13,16,17] still has not been demonstrated for transistors operated in electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) has shown the possibility to probe local variations in ion transport in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) from the measurement of sub-nanometer volumetric expansions due to ion uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation

Kyndiah

Checa

Leonardi

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanoscale Operando Characterization of Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Reveals Charge Transport Bottlenecks

Tanwar,

Millan‐Solsona,

Ruiz‐Molina

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Charge transport in electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EGOFETs) is governed by the microstructural property of the semiconducting thin film that is in direct contact with the electrolyte. Therefore, a comprehensive nanoscale operando characterization of the active channel is crucial to pinpoint various charge transport bottlenecks for rational and targeted optimization of the devices. Here, the local electrical properties of EGOFETs are systematically probed by in‐liquid scanning dielectric microscopy (in‐liquid SDM) and a direct picture of their functional mechanism at the nanoscale is provided across all operational regimes, starting from subthreshold, linear to saturation, until the onset of pinch‐off. To this end, a robust interpretation framework of in‐liquid SDM is introduced that enables quantitative local electric potential mapping directly from raw experimental data without requiring calibration or numerical simulations. Based on this development, a straightforward nanoscale assessment of various charge transport bottlenecks is performed, like contact access resistances, inter‐ and intradomain charge transport, microstructural inhomogeneities, and conduction anisotropy, which have been inaccessible earlier. Present results contribute to the fundamental understanding of charge transport in electrolyte‐gated transistors and promote the development of direct structure–property–function relationships to guide future design rules.

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Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Ternary Blends Including a Fluorinated Polymer for Achieving Enhanced Device Stability

Tamayo

Salzillo

Mas‐Torrent

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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The stability of organic semiconductors (OSCs) is strongly hampered by the presence of water molecules. One approach that has been proved to lead to organic field‐effect transistors with an enhanced performance is the use of blends of OSCs with insulating binding polymers. In this work, the fabrication of OSC thin films based on polymeric ternary blends including a hydrophobic fluorinated polymer is reported as a novel route to engineer long‐term reliable organic field‐effect transistors (OFET) devices. In particular, OFETs based on blends of bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS) with polystyrene (PS) and poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) are explored. The PS:PFS ratio is tuned in order to find the optimum formulation. It is shown that films including 20% of PFS in the polymeric blend exhibit an improved device performance, which is reflected by a low bias stress and an exceptional environmental stability, without significantly hampering the OFET mobility. This work advocates that adding a small percentage of fluorinated polymers in OSC blends is a promising route to realize more reliable and stable devices without importantly compromising the device mobility.

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Bioelectronic Recordings of Cardiomyocytes with Accumulation Mode Electrolyte Gated Organic Field Effect Transistors

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation

Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation

Nanoscale Operando Characterization of Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Reveals Charge Transport Bottlenecks

Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Ternary Blends Including a Fluorinated Polymer for Achieving Enhanced Device Stability

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