Bioelectronic Skin Based on Nociceptive Ion Channel for Human‐Like Perception of Cold Pains

Abstract

A bioelectronic skin device based on nociceptive ion channels in nanovesicles is developed for the detection of chemical cold‐pain stimuli and cold environments just like human somesthetic sensory systems. The human transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (hTRPA1) is involved in transmission and modulation of cold‐pain sensations. In the bioelectronic skin, the nanovesicles containing the hTRPA1 nociceptive ion channel protein reacts to cold‐pain stimuli, and it is electrically monitored through carbon nanotube transistor devices based on floating electrodes. The bioelectronic skin devices sensitively detect chemical cold‐pain stimuli like cinnamaldehyde at 10 fm, and selectively discriminate cinnamaldehyde among other chemical stimuli. Further, the bioelectronic skin is used to evaluate the effect of cold environments on the response of the hTRPA1, finding that the nociceptive ion channel responds more sensitively to cinnamaldehyde at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. The bioelectronic skin device could be useful for a basic study on somesthetic systems such as cold‐pain sensation, and should be used for versatile applications such as screening of foods and drugs.

Bioelectronic Tongues Mimicking Insect Taste Systems for Real-Time Discrimination between Natural and Artificial Sweeteners

“…Presumably, the small size of nanovesicles could significantly intensify their electrical potential even by a small amount of Ca 2+ influx into the nanovesicles, resulting in an enhanced gating effect on the underlying CNT-FET . Similar trends were reported previously in other cases of nanovesicle-based biosensors. , Conventional methods such as HPLC and ion chromatography have been extensively utilized to discriminate various types of sweeteners, while they usually exhibited LODs only down to micromolar–millimolar levels with rather slow analysis speeds. In this case, our B-ET showed more than 10 7 times lower LOD than conventional methods with more than 10 times faster detection speed. − Our method provides a sensitive platform for versatile applications in the food industry and also can be utilized in basic research areas related to responses of honeybee sugar receptors.…”

Evaluation of site-selective drug effects on GABA receptors using nanovesicle-carbon nanotube hybrid devices

“…Afterward, nanovesicles containing GABAA receptors were produced by 300 rpm agitation of the cells with 10 μg/mL cytochalasin B. (Lee et al, 2015;Pick et al, 2005;Shin et al, 2020) Cell debris was removed by centrifugation (1,000 G, 10 min). The nanovesicles were concentrated in DPBS containing protease inhibitor cocktail through centrifugation (15,000 G, 30 min).…”

Self-Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Antidrying Conductive Glycerin/Polyacrylamide/Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt Composite Hydrogel as a Flexible Strain Sensor

“…In recent years, owing to their flexibility, stretchability, and flexibility, flexible conductive hydrogels have attracted extensive research attention. Flexible conductive hydrogels have been used in sensors, , artificial skin, , human–computer interactions, wearable devices, intelligent robots, and artificial intelligence, where they sense external stimuli (e.g., stretching, bending, and swelling) and convert them to electrical signals (e.g., impedance, current, or capacitance). − Moreover, these flexible conductive hydrogels can be put on clothing or directly applied to human skin to detect real-time physiological and sporting activities such as joint stretching, speaking, breathing, pulse, and temperature of the skin. − …”