Bioengineered skin organoids: from development to applications

Abstract

Significant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids. Serving as three-dimensional models that mimic human skin, these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as effective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional systems and ethical concerns. The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models, enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes. This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages. Furthermore, it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as 3D printing and microfluidic devices. The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine, while considering their prospects and limitations.

Human Serum Enriched After Absorption of Fish Cartilage Hydrolysate Enhances the Healing of Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts Through the Expression of Proteins with Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties

“…HDF are key cellular players in regulating skin health, however, additional investigations on human primary keratinocytes may further provide clues on the possible influence of FCH-enriched serum on the keratinocytes/fibroblast cross-talks and their positive impact on skin health. Similarly, more complex and physiologically relevant models that involve the co-culture of primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts [56], or skin organoids encompassing the epidermis, dermis, and appendages [57], could be considered. Ideally, we would like to explore the effect of FCH-enriched serum on human skin explants to best fit structural and physiological resemblance to live skin tissue.…”

Moving lab-grown tissues into the clinic: organ-on-a-chip and bioengineered skin systems

“…Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies frontiersin.org infection and improve graft integration and tissue homeostasis (Hong et al, 2023). Ramadan and Ting (2016), used an immune competent 3D SoC cell culture system with dynamic media perfusion that mimics the human skin microenvironment, improved tight junction formation, and extended cell viability (Ramadan and Ting, 2016).…”

Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account?

“…The results are self-renewing and self-organizing culture systems capable of providing a highly similar reconstruction of the original tissue/organ. Such systems can be useful models for the study of organogenesis and developmental disorders, but also in the study of the early development of human skin and hair follicles; furthermore, they can be used as skin grafts or as useful models for the screening of new drugs [62,[64][65][66][67][68][69]. Moreover, recently induced PCS (iPSC)-derived skin organoids have also been exploited for disease modeling [70].…”