“…The structural complexity of lignocellulosic biomass, generally defined as recalcitrance, hampers microbial and enzymatic treatments (PU et al, 2013), thereby becoming a critical factor for the use of lignocellulosic residues in the production of biofuels. Pretreatment of biomass for conversion to 2G ethanol (second generation ethanol) has shown to be challenging because it must eliminate lignin, reduce crystallinity of cellulose, and dissolve hemicellulose, turning the biomass into a feedstock more susceptible to biological and chemical hydrolysis (SARKAR et al, 2012). Thus, in order to be considered effective, pretreatment methods have to yield large amounts of fermentable sugars, avoiding waste of biomass, degradation of carbohydrates, and formation of inhibitors of hydrolysis and fermentation, being economically viable (SILVA et al, 2015).…”