Biofabricación de nanopartículas de metales usando células vegetales o extractos de plantas

Abstract

ResumenSe presenta una revisión acerca de la biofabricación de nanopartículas (NPs) de metales usando extractos vegetales, cultivos celulares de órganos o bien plantas vivas. Se describen los dos métodos de biofabricación verde de nanopartículas: el proceso bioquímico con extractos y el proceso biológico que involucra células vivas. Se discute el mecanismo redox de biofabricación de NPs, haciendo énfasis en aquellos puntos que requieren mayor dilucidación con el propósito de estandarizar los procesos para adaptarlos a un sistema industrial de producción. Se describe igualmente lo que se conoce acerca del destino de las NPs biofabricadas en células vivas, remarcando el proceso de movilización extra-e intracelular así como entre diferentes tejidos y órganos de la planta. Se discuten por último los factores que regulan la tasa de biofabricación de nanopartículas en las células y tejidos vivos, dirigiendo la atención hacia aquello que se necesita dominar para obtener biofábricas para la producción de NPs en donde la variabilidad de tamaño, forma y reactividad se ajusten a estándares industriales.Palabras clave: balance redox, bioproducción, bioreducción de metales, síntesis química verde. AbstractA review is presented on the biomanufacturing of nanoparticles (NPs) of metals using plant extracts, cell organ cultures or live plants. The two methods of manufacturing green nanoparticles are described: the biochemical process extracts and biological process involving living cells. The redox mechanism biomanufacturing of NPs is discussed, emphasizing those points that require further clarification in order to standardize processes to adapt to an industrial production system. It also describes what is known about the fate of NPs biomanufacturing in living cells, highlighting the process of extra-and intracellular as well as between different tissues and organs of the plant mobilization. Finally the factors discussed that regulate the rate of biomanufacturing of nanoparticles in living cells and tissues, directing attention to what you need to master to obtain bio-factories for the production of NPs where the variability in size, shape and reactivity fit to industry standards.

Biogeneration of silver nanoparticles from Cuphea procumbens for biomedical and environmental applications

“…Nanotechnology is currently widely used in different areas 1 such as solar energy conversion 2 , catalysis 3 , medicine 4 , and water treatment 5 . Some specific applications of nanotechnology in biotechnology 6 and biomedicine 7 include additives for textile industry 8 , food packaging 9 , 10 , protein immobilization 11 , and development of optoelectronic materials 12 .…”

“…One of the fundamental pillars of biosynthesis is to obtain extracts with high antioxidant power such as polyphenols 24 , reduced sugars, nitrogenous bases and amino acids; capable of reducing cations in a metal salt solution. Silver nanoparticles show great reactivity with enzymes, DNA and RNA 27 , caused by the interactions with thiol, carboxylate, phosphate, hydroxyl, imidazole, indole or amine groups, triggering a series of reactions that prevent the formation of microbial processes 1 . It is important to recognize that there is a wide variety of biological resources that can be used for green or ecological synthesis, such as microorganisms (bacteria 28 , 29 , fungi 29 , algae 30 ), plants and their derivatives 31 , animal metabolites and even organic waste 32 , which opens up a range of possibilities to generate nanoparticles as well as to apply them in various areas.…”