Biofeedback electromiográfico y electroglotográfico aplicado a la terapia vocal: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

La electromiografía y electroglotografía son técnicas de exploración que, combinadas con el biofeedback, permiten en el emisor ajustes musculares para la mejora de la función fonatoria. Nos proponemos, pues, determinar los efectos del biofeedback electromiográfico para aumentar o disminuir el tono en los músculos que intervienen de manera indirecta o directa en la producción de la voz, identificar los efectos del biofeedback electroglográfico para producir cambios en el patrón vibratorio de los pliegues vocales y, finalmente, determinar la frecuencia del biofeedback en el tratamiento vocal, a partir de una revisión sistemática de los trabajos publicados desde el año 2000 en revistas logopédicas y laringológicas. El análisis de los estudios obtenidos en el proceso de documentación sugiere que el uso del biofeedback electromiográfico y electroglotográfico puede producir cambios perdurables en el tiempo sobre el patrón vibratorio de los pliegues vocales y en la actividad muscular de la producción vocal, de manera que podría ser un instrumento útil añadido a la intervención vocal basadaen la evidencia. Los datos relativos a la frecuencia de uso necesaria de este instrumento, sin embargo, no parecen concluyentes.

Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback in Muscle Recovery after Meniscectomy in Soccer Players

“…The differences between the trials before the intervention with BF and after the intervention with BF were also explored. The data showed statistically significant differences between the two both in maximum values (F [1,469] = 525.45; p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.53) and in mean values (F [1,469] = 577.21; p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.55).…”

“…For the maximum values (Figure 1), the data showed statistically significant differences between the two sessions in the trials before (F [1,31] = 4.15, p < 0.05, η 2 = 0.12) and after (F [1,32] = 7.72, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.19) the application of BF, though not in the trials with BF (F [1,64] = 0.36, p > 0.05, η 2 = 0.01). For the mean values (Figure 2), the data showed statistically significant differences between the two sessions in the trials with BF (F [1,64] = 10.53, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.14) and in those after BF (F [1,32] = 8.93, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.22). For the values before BF, the results showed data close to significance (F [1,31] = 3.51, p = 0.07, η 2 = 0.10).…”

“…Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to determine the differences in the mean and maximum values between types of trials (with BF vs. without BF). The data showed statistically significant differences between the types of trials, both in maximum values (F [1,951] = 505.20, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.35) and in mean values (F [1,951] = 193.35, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.17). Specifically, there were statistically significant differences between the trials with BF and those performed pre-intervention (maximum values: F [1,714] = 698.60, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.50; mean values: F [1,714] = 525.79, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.42), as well as between the trials with EMG-BF and the post-intervention trials (maximum values: F [1,951] = 114.76, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.14; mean values: F [1,714] = 5.09, p < 0.05, η 2 = 0.01).…”

“…For the mean values (Figure 2), the data showed statistically significant differences between the two sessions in the trials with BF (F [1,64] = 10.53, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.14) and in those after BF (F [1,32] = 8.93, p < 0.01, η 2 = 0.22). For the values before BF, the results showed data close to significance (F [1,31] = 3.51, p = 0.07, η 2 = 0.10). Figures 1 and 2 show the average values of the tension generated by the contractions performed in each phase for sessions 1 and 10, for both the mean and maximum values.…”

“…Biofeedback (BF) is a technique that makes it possible to obtain information on the functioning of a person's body [1]. Through electronic procedures, physiological signals are transformed into data that can be interpreted using display interfaces.…”