“…-Respiratory biofeedback: measures respiratory rate and pattern, as well as blood carbon dioxide levels, and is used in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anxiety, and hypertension (Landman et al, 2013;Aritzeta et al, 2017;Georga et al, 2019;Kaja et al, 2020). -Cardiovascular biofeedback: detects heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and blood flow volume (blood volume pulse, BVP) and is used in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coronary artery disease, depression, fibromyalgia/ chronic fatigue syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, chronic pain, and hypertension (Rosaura Polak et al, 10.3389/fnins.2024.1358481 Frontiers in Neuroscience 03 frontiersin.org 2015;Thabrew et al, 2018;Fahrenkamp and Benore, 2019;Taghizadeh et al, 2019;Reneau, 2020;da Costa Maynart et al, 2021;Vital et al, 2021). -Neuromuscular biofeedback: provides a measure of muscle tension with surface electromyography (sEMG) and is used to treat fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome, repetitive strain injury, tinnitus, arthritis, diabetes, pediatric migraine, anxiety, chronic pain, temporomandibular junction disorders, and adult tension headache (Blume et al, 2012;Šečić et al, 2016;Baumueller et al, 2017;Lazaridou et al, 2023).…”