Biofilm and Cancer: Interactions and Future Direction for Cancer Therapy

Choi, Euna; Murray, Ben; Choi, Sunga

doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0265.v1

2023

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202308.0265.v1

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Biofilm and Cancer: Interactions and Future Direction for Cancer Therapy

Euna Choi¹,

Ben Murray²,

Sunga Choi³

Abstract: There is a growing body of evidence supporting the significant role of bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of various human diseases including cancer. Biofilms are polymicrobial communities enclosed within an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA, and lipids. This complex matrix provides protection against antibiotics and host immune responses, enabling the microorganisms to establish persistent infections. Moreover, biofilms induce anti-inflammatory responses and met… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 4 publications

References 126 publications

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Potential Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Caralluma indica Seed Extract

Ramalingam,

Bakthavatchalam,

Ramachandran

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Background: Plant-derived phytochemicals are crucial in fighting bacterial infections and in cancer therapy. Objective: This study investigates the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extract obtained from Caralluma indica (C. indica) seeds and assesses its antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Results: GC-MS analysis found 30 phytochemicals in C. indica seeds, including 5 bioactive compounds that have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties, through in silico evaluation. Phytochemical screening of C. indica identified and measured the phenolic compounds, providing insight into its bioactive potential and therapeutic properties. C. indica exhibited robust antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, and H2O2 radical scavenging) alongside potent antimicrobial activity against oral pathogen and cytotoxicity activity on a human oral squamous carcinoma cell line (OECM-1) (EC50 of 169.35 µg/mL) and yeast cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (215.82 µg/mL), with a selective index of 1.27. The subminimum % MBC/MFC of C. indica significantly reduced biofilm formation against oral pathogens (p < 0.05). Molecular docking studies showed a strong correlation (r = 0.862) between antifungal and anticancer targets, suggesting that the antimicrobial agents in C. indica contribute to cancer prevention mechanisms. Conclusions: These findings propose C. indica seeds as promising candidates for combating oral pathogens, inhibiting biofilm formation, and reducing the risk of oral cancer progression.

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Potential Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Caralluma indica Seed Extract

Ramalingam,

Bakthavatchalam,

Ramachandran

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Establishment of a Human Immunocompetent 3D Tissue Model to Enable the Long-Term Examination of Biofilm–Tissue Interactions

Murkar,

von Heckel,

Walles

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Different studies suggest an impact of biofilms on carcinogenic lesion formation in varying human tissues. However, the mechanisms of cancer formation are difficult to examine in vivo as well as in vitro. Cell culture approaches, in most cases, are unable to keep a bacterial steady state without any overgrowth. In our approach, we aimed to develop an immunocompetent 3D tissue model which can mitigate bacterial outgrowth. We established a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture of human primary fibroblasts with pre-differentiated THP-1-derived macrophages on an SIS-muc scaffold which was derived by decellularisation of a porcine intestine. After establishment, we exposed the tissue models to define the biofilms of the Pseudomonas spec. and Staphylococcus spec. cultivated on implant mesh material. After 3 days of incubation, the cell culture medium in models with M0 and M2 pre-differentiated macrophages presented a noticeable turbidity, while models with M1 macrophages presented no noticeable bacterial growth. These results were validated by optical density measurements and a streak test. Immunohistology and immunofluorescent staining of the tissue presented a positive impact of the M1 macrophages on the structural integrity of the tissue model. Furthermore, multiplex ELISA highlighted the increased release of inflammatory cytokines for all the three model types, suggesting the immunocompetence of the developed model. Overall, in this proof-of-principle study, we were able to mitigate bacterial overgrowth and prepared a first step for the development of more complex 3D tissue models to understand the impact of biofilms on carcinogenic lesion formation.

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The Impact of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis on the Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Development of Oral Cancer

Talapko,

Erić,

Meštrović

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although the oral cavity is an easily accessible area for visual examination, the OSCC is more often detected at an advanced stage. The global prevalence of OSCC is around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to the increase in morbidity and mortality. The oral cavity microbiome has been the target of numerous studies, with findings highlighting the significant role of dysbiosis in developing OSCC. Dysbiosis can significantly increase pathobionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that trigger inflammation through their virulence and pathogenicity factors. In contrast, chronic bacterial inflammation contributes to the development of OSCC. Pathobionts also have other effects, such as the impact on the immune system, which can alter immune responses and contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment. Poor oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich foods can also increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The risk factors and mechanisms of OSCC development are not yet fully understood and remain a frequent research topic. For this reason, this narrative review concentrates on the issue of dysbiosis as the potential cause of OSCC, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.

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Biofilm and Cancer: Interactions and Future Direction for Cancer Therapy

Cited by 4 publications

References 126 publications

Potential Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Caralluma indica Seed Extract

Potential Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Caralluma indica Seed Extract

Establishment of a Human Immunocompetent 3D Tissue Model to Enable the Long-Term Examination of Biofilm–Tissue Interactions

The Impact of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis on the Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Development of Oral Cancer

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