Biofilm Destruction by RF High-Pressure Cold Plasma Jet

Induction of a viable-but-non-culturable state in bacteria treated with gas discharge plasma

“…Their advice coincides with our previous statements showing that cells undergo minor damage during the first 5 min of plasma exposure and that 60 min was required in our case, to ensure complete death (Abramzon et al 2006).…”

Efficacy of Chlorhexidine, Polihexanide and Tissue-Tolerable Plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Polystyrene and Silicone Materials

“…The effectiveness of PHMB against biofilms was also shown [2,[32][33][34] . First investigations on the antimicrobial abilities of physical plasma against bacteria in biofilms have been published [35][36][37] . In the present study, the biofilms were cultured not only on routinely used microtitre plates, but also on silicone as a material frequently used in medicine with organic burden.…”

Assessment of Microbicidal Activity of Atmospheric Pressure Non- Thermal Plasma Against Planktonic and Biofilm Forms

“…This was explained by biofilm cells organization into overlapping layers make its plasma induced inactivation mechanism more complicated than planktonic counterpart, as plasma reactive species have to penetrate biofilm structure layer by layer, meaning that destruction of the upper layers of bacterial biofilm cells that are exposed to plasma, then plasma had to etch and penetrate layers of cell debris and dead cells before reaching the inner layers of the biofilm [29].…”