Biofilm Disrupting Technology for Orthopedic Implants: Whatâ€™s on the Horizon?

Connaughton, Alexander; Childs, Abby; Dylewski, Stefan; Sabesan, Vani J.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2014.00022

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There is currently a requirement for novel endoprosthetic materials with optimal surface and mechanical characteristics that prevent bacterial biofilm formation avoid bacterial resistance mechanisms and mediate biocompatibility and osseointegration (10). In recent years, magnesium has emerged as a promising implant material solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin magnesium layer confirmed as an antibacterial and biocompatible implant coating in a co-culture model

Zaatreh

Haffner

Strauss

et al. 2017

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Implant-associated infections commonly result from biofilm-forming bacteria and present severe complications in total joint arthroplasty. Therefore, there is a requirement for the development of biocompatible implant surfaces that prevent bacterial biofilm formation. The present study coated titanium samples with a thin, rapidly corroding layer of magnesium, which were subsequently investigated with respect to their antibacterial and cytotoxic surface properties using a Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and human osteoblast (hOB) co-culture model. Primary hOBs and S. epidermidis were co-cultured on cylindrical titanium samples (Ti6Al4V) coated with pure magnesium via magnetron sputtering (5 µm thickness) for 7 days. Uncoated titanium test samples served as controls. Vital hOBs were identified by trypan blue staining at days 2 and 7. Planktonic S. epidermidis were quantified by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU). The quantification of biofilm-bound S. epidermidis on the surfaces of test samples was performed by ultrasonic treatment and CFU counting at days 2 and 7. The number of planktonic and biofilm-bound S. epidermidis on the magnesium-coated samples decreased by four orders of magnitude when compared with the titanium control following 7 days of co-culture. The number of vital hOBs on the magnesium-coated samples was observed to increase (40,000 cells/ml) when compared with the controls (20,000 cells/ml). The results of the present study indicate that rapidly corroding magnesium-coated titanium may be a viable coating material that possesses antibacterial and biocompatible properties. A co-culture test is more rigorous than a monoculture study, as it accounts for confounding effects and assesses additional interactions that are more representative of in vivo situations. These results provide a foundation for the future testing of this type of surface in animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin magnesium layer confirmed as an antibacterial and biocompatible implant coating in a co-culture model

Zaatreh

Haffner

Strauss

et al. 2017

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…Biofilm production on implants does occur in cases whereby the medical device or surgical tools fail to sterilize effectively. Common strains such as Staphylococcus aureus , staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. Ae) are the frequent suspects to produce biofilm reservoirs on prosthetic joint implants . In October 2016, Centre of Disease Control and Preventing revealed that contaminated Stöckert 3T heater‐cooler devices used during open heart surgeries in USA caused severe infections in several patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surge in drug resistance in bacteria is fast surpassing the advancements in drug and antimicrobial aureus, staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. Ae) are the frequent suspects to produce biofilm reservoirs on prosthetic joint implants. [4] In October 2016, Centre of Disease Control and Preventing revealed that contaminated Stöckert 3T heater-cooler devices used during open heart surgeries in USA caused severe infections in several patients. With the declining number of effective antibiotics and the potential risks of infections with medical devices, the industry is looking at alternatives to tackle bacterial growth on medical devices during surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarternized Short Polyethylenimine Shows Good Activity against Drug‐Resistant Bacteria

Yew

Chee

Zhang

et al. 2017

Macro Materials & Eng

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The rise in resistant bacteria strains worldwide is proving to be a challenge to the healthcare industry. These “superbugs” are emerging faster than the rate of new antibiotic discovery. This has a heavy impact on medical devices as they are susceptible to biofilm production. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causes infections to be difficult to treat, especially postimplantation of a medical device. To prevent bacterial adhesion on devices, various types are coatings are introduced. By binding antibiotics to polymers, an effective adhesive coating on the surface can be created. However, with AMR on the rise, these polymers are losing their efficacy in the application. Another class of antimicrobial polymers with a different mode of mechanism will be explored in this project. Biocidal polymers are effective antimicrobial agents as they rely on the electrostatic interactions between the polymeric charged groups and the charged microbial membrane. Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be modified to achieve a macromolecule containing various charged cationic groups. Quaternizing low‐molecular‐weight PEI with different alkyl groups of short, long, and aromatic groups will give rise to various structural differences. The structure of the quaternized PEI is characterized, and its antimicrobial activity and compatibility are shown to be remarkably improved.

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“…As mentioned earlier, the presence of the biomaterial itself, which provides a surface that serves as anchorage for microbes and subsequent biofilm formation, constitutes the problem with regards to establishment of infection 50 . Bacteria involved in biofilm formation show increased protection from the HID system as well as an enhanced therapeutic resistance 10 .…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Infections Associated With Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%