Biofilm Formation and blaOXA Genes Detection Among Acinetobacter baumannii from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal

Ghimire, Upasana; Kandel, Rupesh; Neupane, Mary; Shrestha, Sanjit; Sudeep, K C; Khanal, Santosh; Joshi, Dev Raj

doi:10.36877/pmmb.a0000245

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In terms of Oxacillinase-encoding genes, the most prevalent gene identified in our study was bla OXA51 , which was detected in 97% of the isolates. This finding is consistent with previous studies conducted by [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The high prevalence of bla OXA51 suggests its significant role in carbapenem resistance and highlights the need for targeted interventions against this gene.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The second most prevalent gene identified in our study was bla OXA23 , detected in 74% of the isolates. This finding aligns with the studies conducted by [32,[36][37][38], but slightly differs from [37]. The presence of bla OXA23 in a substantial proportion of isolates indicates its importance as a carbapenemase-encoding gene in the studied population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii: Spotlight on OXA Genes

Jasim,

Hadi,

Alsherees

et al. 2023

Med.Sci.Jour.Adv.Res

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Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly problematic bacterium due to its multidrug-resistant nature and ability to rapidly develop resistance. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) is particularly concerning, recognized as a top priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, we aimed to assess the susceptibility of A. baumannii to antibiotics and characterize the presence of specific carbapenem resistance genes using PCR analysis. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional investigation at Al-Sader Medical City and Baghdad Teaching Hospitals between October 2022 and February 2023. A total of 59 A.baumannii isolates were collected from patients. To ensure accuracy in diagnosis, the isolates underwent thorough processing using morphological techniques, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 systems. The susceptibility of the isolates to 24 antibiotics was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method. Additionally, DNA extraction and PCR analysis were performed to detect the presence of carbapenem resistance genes. The study included analysis of 59 specimens collected from patients, including sputum, wound swabs, blood, and inguinal swabs. The majority of the isolates were obtained from in-patients, demonstrating a significant difference compared to outpatients. Among the studied isolates, the most prevalent carbapenem resistance gene detected was blaOXA51, present in 97% of the isolates. This highlights the substantial presence of blaOXA-mediated carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii strains in our study population. Furthermore, our findings revealed alarmingly high resistance rates against the majority of antibiotics commonly used to treat A. baumannii infections. Approximately 95% of the isolates were classified as extensively drug-resistant, indicating resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. This poses significant challenges in terms of effective treatment options and emphasizes the urgent need for alternative strategies to manage A. baumannii infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii: Spotlight on OXA Genes

Jasim,

Hadi,

Alsherees

et al. 2023

Med.Sci.Jour.Adv.Res

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“…Antibiotic use exerts a selective pressure on resistant bacteria, which creates a risk for the transference of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) to other bacteria via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as transformation, conjugation, or transduction [14,16] . This gradually precipitates the emergence of multi-antibiotic-resistance bacteria pathogenic to other animals and humans [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . Besides, the residual antibiotic detected in animal flesh is another alarming concern for public health, particularly when the concentration of antibiotics exceeds the maximum residue limit [25,26] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics: Comprehensive Exploration of the Growth Promotion Mechanisms in Shrimps

Goh¹,

Tan²,

Law³

et al. 2023

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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As feed accounts for a significant proportion of a farm’s expenditure, animal nutrition is one of the key profit determinants. Attributed to the size-dependent market value, enhancing shrimps' growth is essential to maximize profit. Despite not being the best option, antibiotics are often used as growth-promoting agents in farming. Although this trend is less explicit in aquaculture, increasing production yield is paramount, especially when intensive aquafarming compromises animal growth and increases disease prevalence. However, the environmental and clinical pitfalls of indiscriminate antibiotic usage are surfacing. Fortunately, increasing evidence demonstrated probiotics as a safer, more sustainable, and environmental-friendly substitute for antibiotics. Nonetheless, most studies are observational, and the growth-promotion mechanisms of these agents are yet to be elucidated. In this light, this review aims to decipher the growth promotion mechanisms of probiotics in shrimps based on the primary works conducted. Evidently, probiotic treatment modulates the gut microbiome composition. The growth promotion effect of probiotics is partly mediated through the production of bioactive compounds such as short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and polyamines. Besides, elevated digestive enzyme activities following the introduction of probiotics may help enhance digestibility and utilization. Histological changes at the hepatopancreas and intestine were evident. Furthermore, probiotics may reinforce the protective mechanisms in the gut and strengthen immune function. Treated shrimps demonstrate better appetite and exhibit superior metabolic and growth-related genes profile. Contrasting these recognized mechanisms with antibiotics helps construct the initial framework for designing high-quality probiotics for growth enhancement in farmed animals.

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“…However, the indiscriminate handling of these molecules, marked by heightened usage, improper administration, and the resulting side effects, has significantly fueled the rise in bacterial resistance [4][5][6][7] . This creates a serious dilemma, rendering once-effective antimicrobial agents ineffective [8] and leading to the resurgence of infectious diseases once considered under control [1] . In the pursuit of effective alternatives, researchers are actively exploring a diverse range of sources, such as plants, animals [9] , and microorganisms [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , to uncover bioactive molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cistus ladanifer L. Leaves Extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Maceration

Chtibi,

Harboul,

Benali

et al. 2023

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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Addressing infectious diseases poses a significant healthcare challenge due to the growing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to identifying alternative molecules to antibiotics that can combat these infectious diseases. Notably, a wealth of bioactive compounds has been discovered in medicinal and aromatic plants, and their potential utility in the development of treatments for infectious diseases has been well-established. In this study, we employed two extraction methods, namely maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and four different solvents with varying polarities to isolate bioactive compounds from Cistus ladanifer L. Subsequently, quantification of polyphenols was determined in all the extracted samples. Following this, we conducted both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the antibacterial activity of these extracts. Moreover, we delved into the mechanism of action of the most potent extract using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that methanol was the best solvent for extracting bioactive molecules and that UAE had a high extraction efficiency since it gave a higher yield of total polyphenols than the one acquired by maceration. Regarding the results of the disk diffusion assay, the extracts that were prepared by UAE were more effective against our bacterial strains than those extracted by maceration. Electron micrographs of damaged cells revealed that the methanolic extract obtained by UAE affected the integrity of the cell membrane. These outcomes have underscored the presence of active compounds within Cistus ladanifer L. that could serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics against some of the most pathogenic bacterial species.

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Biofilm Formation and blaOXA Genes Detection Among Acinetobacter baumannii from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Kirtipur Hospital, Nepal

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii: Spotlight on OXA Genes

Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii: Spotlight on OXA Genes

Probiotics: Comprehensive Exploration of the Growth Promotion Mechanisms in Shrimps

Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cistus ladanifer L. Leaves Extracted by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Maceration

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