Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection

Gkana, Eleni N.; Giaouris, Efstathios; Doulgeraki, Agapi I.; Kathariou, Sophia; Nychas, George‐John E.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.038

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In the case of A. lannensis , previous studies had shown that mature biofilms formed after 6–7 days under laboratory conditions [ 5 ]. As observed by many other authors [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], biofilm may be difficult to eradicate. Often, in MICs that are determined for planktonic cells, compounds are very weak or inactive against bacterial cells in biofilms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Most researchers have investigated the activity of antimicrobial agents against young bacterial biofilms, created over 24 h [ 38 , 43 , 48 ] or 48–72 h [ 49 , 50 ]. Only some studies have used biofilms created over several days [ 32 , 36 , 39 , 51 ]. It is well known that older biofilms are more resistant than younger ones to biocides [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

2017

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We investigated the biological activity of surfactants based on quaternary ammonium compounds: gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), synthesized by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylamine with 1,6-dibromohexane, and its monomeric analogue dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The experiments were performed with bacteria Asaia lannensis, a common spoilage in the beverage industry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the tube standard two-fold dilution method. The growth and adhesive properties of bacterial cells were studied in different culture media, and the cell viability was evaluated using plate count method. Both of the surfactants were effective against the bacterial strain, but the MIC of gemini compound was significantly lower. Both C6 and DTAB exhibited anti-adhesive abilities. Treatment with surfactants at or below MIC value decreased the number of bacterial cells that were able to form biofilm, however, the gemini surfactant was more effective. The used surfactants were also found to be able to eradicate mature biofilms. After 4 h of treatment with C6 surfactant at concentration 10 MIC, the number of bacterial cells was reduced by 91.8%. The results of this study suggest that the antibacterial activity of the gemini compound could make it an effective microbiocide against the spoilage bacteria Asaia sp. in both planktonic and biofilm stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

2017

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“…The results of this study should be considered as preliminary and only exploratory in nature and might not have external validity. There are some biofilm formation assays that are more labor-intensive and more accurate than using 96-well microplates in recovering the sessile cells using sonication or the beads/vortex method [32,33]. Therefore, the preliminary results of this study should be confirmed in the future by using more accurate assays and including different surfaces of great importance in the food industry, such as stainless steel.…”

Section: Effect Of Short Chain Fatty Acids On Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Short Chain Fatty Acids Commonly Produced by Gut Microbiota Influence Salmonella enterica Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression

et al. 2019

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Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are commonly produced by healthy gut microbiota and they have a protective role against enteric pathogens. SCFAs also have direct antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens by diffusion across the bacterial membrane and reduction of intracellular pH. Due to this antimicrobial activity, SCFAs have promising applications in human health and food safety. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four SCFAs (acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, and valeric acid) in Salmonella strains isolated from poultry were determined. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of SCFAs in Salmonella biofilm formation, motility, and gene expression was also evaluated. Butyric acid, propionic acid, and valeric acid showed a MIC of 3750 µg/mL in all strains tested, while the MIC of acetic acid was between 1875 and 3750 µg/mL. Subinhibitory concentrations of SCFAs significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the motility of all Salmonella strains, especially in the presence of acetic acid. Biofilm formation was also significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the presence of SCFAs in some of the Salmonella strains. Salmonella strain. Salmonella Typhimurium T7 showed significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of important virulence genes, such as invA and hilA, especially in the presence of butyric acid. Therefore, SCFAs are promising substances for the inhibition of the growth of foodborne pathogens. However, it is important to avoid the use of subinhibitory concentrations that could increase the virulence of foodborne pathogen Salmonella.

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“…In most of these studies the enhanced tolerance was attributed to protective effects of the species on each other, however, generally without unraveling the mechanism of tolerance. In contrast, a minority of studies did not observe an effect of multispecies conditions on antimicrobial tolerance [79] or measured a decrease in tolerance in multispecies conditions [63,[80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Competitive inter-species interactions underlie the increased antimicrobial tolerance in multispecies brewery biofilms

Parijs

Steenackers

2018

The ISME Journal

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Genetic diversity often enhances the tolerance of microbial communities against antimicrobial treatment. However the sociobiology underlying this antimicrobial tolerance remains largely unexplored. Here we analyze how inter-species interactions can increase antimicrobial tolerance. We apply our approach to 17 industrially relevant multispecies biofilm models, based on species isolated from 58 contaminating biofilms in three breweries. Sulfathiazole was used as antimicrobial agent because it showed the highest activity out of 22 biofilm inhibitors tested. Our analysis reveals that competitive interactions dominate among species within brewery biofilms. We show that antimicrobial treatment can reduce the level of competition and therefore cause a subset of species to bloom. The result is a 1.2-42.7-fold lower percentage inhibition of these species and increased overall tolerance. In addition, we show that the presence of Raoultella can also directly enhance the inherent tolerance of Pseudomonas to antimicrobial treatment, either because the species protect each other or because they induce specific tolerance phenotypes as a response to competitors. Overall, our study emphasizes that the dominance of competitive interactions is central to the enhanced antimicrobial tolerance of the multispecies biofilms, and that the activity of antimicrobials against multispecies biofilms cannot be predicted based on their effect against monocultures.

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Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection

Cited by 31 publications

References 71 publications

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis

Short Chain Fatty Acids Commonly Produced by Gut Microbiota Influence Salmonella enterica Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression

Competitive inter-species interactions underlie the increased antimicrobial tolerance in multispecies brewery biofilms

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