Biofilm formation of <i>Salmonella</i> species isolated from fresh cabbage and spinach

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to isolate Salmonella from fresh cabbage and spinach vegetables, determine antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Spinach and cabbage farm vegetables were found to harbour Salmonella. A total of eighty-two Salmonella isolates were recovered from both vegetables and subjected to antimicrobial reactions. Salmonella isolate showed sensitivity against the aminoglycoside and quinolones.Isolates from cabbage showed ≥ 80% susceptibility to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin and an average of 72% susceptibility was exhibited against gentamicin and ofloxacin. Also, isolates from spinach vegetable demonstrated excellent sensitivity against chloramphenicol (94%), nalidixic acid (90%) and ofloxacin (82%). Variable resistant patterns was observed for tetracycline (58%: 47%), ampicillin (55.5%: 31.4%), erythromycin (58.1%: 62.7%), streptomycin (64.5%: 76.5%), cephalothin (35.5%: 39.2%) against isolates from cabbage and spinach respectively. The assessment of biofilm formation by Salmonella on microtitre plate showed that all Salmonella isolates were able to form biofilms. Isolates from cabbage were mainly strong producer 15(48.3%), while 11(35.5%) of the isolates were moderate producers and 6(16.1%) weak producer. On the other hand, 28(54.9%) of Salmonella isolates from spinach vegetable were moderate producer, 12(23.5%) weak producer and 11(21.5%) strong producer. The finding of this study shows that cabbage and spinach is potential host for the transmission of Salmonella to humans or other animals. The ability of the isolates to form biofilm reveals the potential of the isolates to persist on the vegetable and the pathogenic status of the isolates as well as ability to resist antimicrobial chemotherapy. © JASEM http://dx

Multi-Drug Resistance Genes associated with some Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolates from Shellfish in Iko and Douglas River Estuaries, in Nigeria

“…While, 5/6 (83.3%) resistant to Ampicillin (10 µg), 3/6 (50%) were resistant to Amoxicillin (25 µg), and 1/6 (16.7%) resistant to Chloramphenicol (30 µg). this results agree with [25] who found that a variable resistant patterns was observed for tetracycline (58%:47%), ampicillin (55.5%:31.4%), erythromycin (58.1%:62.7%), streptomycin (64.5%:76.5%), cephalothin (35.5%:39.2%) against Salmonella isolated from cabbage and spinach respectively and agree with a study done by [26] which showed a high resistance of Salmonella spp isolated from lettuce samples toward amoxicillin/ clavulanic-acid or ampicillin.…”

“…In the present study all six Salmonella isolates (100%) showed sensitivity toward Amikacin (30 µg), Ciprofloxacin (5 µg), Doxycycline (30 µg), Gentamicin (10 µg), Norfloxacin (10 µg), Streptomycin (10 µg), Tetracycline (30 µg) followed by chloramphenicol (30 µg) (5/6, 83.3%,), amoxicillin 25 µg (5/6, 33.3%), this results agree with the findings of [25], who found that all Salmonella isolates that recovered from vegetables and subjected to antimicrobial reactions were sensitive toward the aminoglycoside and quinolones. Isolates from cabbage showed.…”

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella spp Isolated from Fresh Leafy Vegetables Samples by Using Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods

“…While 5/6 (83.3%) resistant to Ampicillin (10 µg), 3/6 (50%) were resistant to Amoxicillin (25 µg), and 1/6 (16.7%) resistant to Chloramphenicol (30 µg). this results agree with [25] who found that a variable resistant patterns was observed for tetracycline (58%:47%), ampicillin (55.5%:31.4%), erythromycin (58.1%:62.7%), streptomycin (64.5%:76.5%), cephalothin (35.5%:39.2%) against Salmonella isolated from cabbage and spinach respectively and agree with a study done by [26] which showed a high resistance of Salmonella spp isolated from lettuce samples toward amoxicillin/ clavulanicacid or ampicillin.…”

Biofilm Production Potential of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Chickens in North West Province, South Africa

“… Malangu and Ogunbanjo (2009) reported an acute Salmonella poisoning in 2005 emanating from South African Hospitals. Biofilm production was reported in drinking water ( Mulamattathil et al 2014 ), while Isoken (2015) reported the isolation of biofilm-forming Salmonella species in cabbage and spinach sold in South Africa. The presence of Salmonella species in food and water provides opportunities for cross-contamination along the food chain and accounts for diseases in susceptible individuals ( Karkey et al 2016 ; Byrd-Bredbenner, 2017 ).…”