Biofilm formation on zirconia and titanium over time—An in vivo model study

Desch, Anton; Maltzahn, Nadine Freifrau von; Stumpp, Nico; Dalton, Marly; Yang, Ines; Stiesch, Meike

doi:10.1111/clr.13632

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Far-reaching consequences may be encountered in the context of dental surgery, where a rapidly growing dysbiotic biofilm covering an oral implant surface impairs the surrounding tissue, often resulting in peri-implant diseases [11,33]. Microbial growth on implants is thus of great concern, since most of the widely used implant materials, such as titanium and its alloys, meet the physical, chemical, and tissue biocompatibility properties well but do not prevent microbial fouling [34][35][36][37][38]. To address these issues, various strategies (often inspired by nature) have been suggested [39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bacteria and Cell Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Coating on Titanium Base Substrates towards Smart Implant Devices

et al. 2021

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Biofouling and biofilm formation on implant surfaces are serious issues that more than often lead to inflammatory reactions and the necessity of lengthy post-operation treatments or the removal of the implant, thus entailing a protracted healing process. This issue may be tackled with a biocompatible polymeric coating that at the same time prevents biofouling. In this work, oxygen plasma-activated silanized titanium substrates are coated with poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), a zwitterionic antibiofouling polymer, using photopolymerization. The characterization of polymer films includes FT-IR, AFM, and adhesion strength measurements, where adhesion strength is analyzed using a cylindrical flat punch indenter and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Both cytotoxicity analysis with primary human fibroblasts and fluorescence microscopy with fibroblasts and plaque bacteria are also performed is this work, with each procedure including seeding on coated and control surfaces. The film morphology obtained by the AFM shows a fine structure akin to nanoropes. The coatings can resist ultrasonic and sterilization treatments. The adhesion strength properties substantially increase when the films are soaked in 0.51 M of NaCl prior to testing when compared to deionized water. The coatings are superhydrophilic with a WCA of 10° that increases to 15° after dry aging. The viability of fibroblasts in the presence of coated substrates is comparable to that of bare titanium. When in direct contact with fibroblasts or bacteria, marginal adhesion for both species occurs on coating imperfections. Because photopolymerization can easily be adapted to surface patterning, smart devices that promote both osseointegration (in non-coated areas) and prevent cell overgrowth and biofilm formation (in coated areas) demonstrate practical potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bacteria and Cell Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Coating on Titanium Base Substrates towards Smart Implant Devices

et al. 2021

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“…Organisms isolated from the sample surface are typically found in the oral cavity. The members of Neisseria , Rothia , Staphylococcus , and Streptococcus species found in this study are present in isolates from dental and peri-implant disease but are also often associated with a healthy oral status [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Almost 50% of the identified microorganisms in this study are Streptococcus species, which is not surprising as they play a major role beside Actinomyces in the initiation of surface colonization in the oral cavity [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost 50% of the identified microorganisms in this study are Streptococcus species, which is not surprising as they play a major role beside Actinomyces in the initiation of surface colonization in the oral cavity [ 50 ]. Desch et al also identified streptococci as a dominant part of the colonization at Ti and Zr surfaces in an in vivo study, especially during the first hours of biofilm formation, followed by Neisseria , Rothia , or Gemella [ 49 ]. These first colonizers are crucial for a later succession of the biofilm toward disease-causing conditions [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces

Koch

Burkovski

Zulla

et al. 2020

JCM

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No proper treatment option for peri-implantitis exists yet. Based on previous studies showing the in vitro effectiveness of electrochemical disinfection using boron-doped diamond electrodes, novel double diamond electrodes (DDE) were tested here. Using a ceramic carrier and a laser structuring process, a clinically applicable electrode array was manufactured. Roughened metal discs (n = 24) made from Ti-Zr alloy were exposed to the oral cavities of six volunteers for 24 h in order to generate biofilm. Then, biofilm removal was carried out either using plastic curettes and chlorhexidine digluconate or electrochemical disinfection. In addition, dental implants were contaminated with ex vivo multispecies biofilm and disinfected using DDE treatment. Bacterial growth and the formation of biofilm polymer were determined as outcome measures. Chemo-mechanical treatment could not eliminate bacteria from roughened surfaces, while in most cases, a massive reduction of bacteria and biofilm polymer was observed following DDE treatment. Electrochemical disinfection was charge- and time-dependent and could also not reach complete disinfection in all instances. Implant threads had no negative effect on DDE treatment. Bacteria exhibit varying resistance to electrochemical disinfection with Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria sp., Rothiamucilaginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Streptococcus mitis surviving 5 min of DDE application at 6 V. Electrochemical disinfection is promising but requires further optimization with respect to charge quantity and application time in order to achieve disinfection without harming host tissue.

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“…Manual hand searching resulted in the inclusion of 3 more papers. Subsequently, 21 papers were selected for full text analysis, of which 17 were excluded [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] (Appendices 2 and 3). After full-text analysis, a total of 5 studies were maintained [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Biofilm Formation on Rough and Smooth Titanium Specimens: a Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

Brum¹,

Apaza‐Bedoya²,

Labes³

et al. 2021

JOMR

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Objectives: There is a concern whether the enhancement on implant surface roughness is responsible for higher biofilm formation, which acts as an aetiological factor for peri-implant diseases. The aim of the present systematic review was to answer the following question: "Are rough surfaces more susceptible to early biofilm formation when compared to smoother surfaces on titanium specimens?". Material and Methods: The research was performed on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, up to August 2021. Eligibility criteria included studies that analysed human biofilm formation on titanium specimens with distinct surface roughness (smooth vs minimally, moderate, or rough) over the experimental times of 1 or 3 days. Roughness average (Ra) and biofilm analysis parameters were extracted from selected articles. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. Results: Of 5286 papers, 5 were included and analysed. Smooth titanium surfaces included machined and anodized titanium/ Ti-6Al-4V; machined and acid etched TiZr. Minimally, moderately, or rough surfaces comprised titanium and titanium alloys (TiZr, Ti-6Al-4V), that received surface treatments (anodization, acid-etching, blasting, hydroxyapatite-coating). No statistically significant difference on biofilm formation on rough and smooth titanium surfaces was reported by 3 studies, while more contamination on rough titanium surfaces was stated by 2 investigations. An isolated smooth surface has also been associated to higher contamination. Moderate to high quality methodological assessment of studies were identified. Conclusions: It is not possible to assume that rough surfaces are more susceptible to early biofilm formation than smooth titanium surfaces. Additional studies are required to study this multifarious interaction.

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Biofilm formation on zirconia and titanium over time—An in vivo model study

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

A Bacteria and Cell Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Coating on Titanium Base Substrates towards Smart Implant Devices

A Bacteria and Cell Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Coating on Titanium Base Substrates towards Smart Implant Devices

Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces

Early Biofilm Formation on Rough and Smooth Titanium Specimens: a Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

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