Biofilm inhibiting activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus
) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius
) against Staphylococcus aureus
 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 biofilms

Yong, Yi Yi; Dykes, Gary A.; Lee, S.M.; Choo, Wee Sim

doi:10.1111/jam.14091

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The betacyanin composition of betacyanin fractions from red pitahaya and red spinach in this study is similar to a previous study [ 13 ]. The purity of betacyanins in these fractions were higher than those of previous studies [ 11, 13 ] as column chromatography was employed to further purify the extracts from red pitahaya and red spinach. The bioactivity of the betacyanin in these fractions can only be confirmed by isolating individual betacyanin and determine its bioactivity to prove that any effect is really due to the predominant betacyanins present and not due to some minor constituents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The bioactivity of the betacyanin in these fractions can only be confirmed by isolating individual betacyanin and determine its bioactivity to prove that any effect is really due to the predominant betacyanins present and not due to some minor constituents. Amaranthine was previously isolated from red spinach extract using preparative HPLC and proven to possess antibiofilm activity similar to its extract [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulp of red pitahaya and the red part of the leaves of red spinach were used for extraction. The sub-fractionated extracts were prepared according to a previous study [ 11 ]. The dried red pitahaya and red spinach crude extracts were dissolved in 100 ml distilled water and were adjusted to pH 2.0 by HCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (GenBank accession no. MH488959)

Chang

Pong

Hassan

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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This study investigated the antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) and red spinach ( Amaranthus dubius ) against dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2). The pulp of red pitahaya and the leaves of red spinach were extracted using methanol followed by sub-fractionation and Amberlite XAD16N column chromatography to obtain betacyanin fractions. The half maximum cytotoxicity concentration for betacyanin fractions from red pitahaya and red spinach on Vero cells were 4.346 and 2.287 mg ml −1 , respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of betacyanin fraction from red pitahaya was 125.8 μg ml −1 with selectivity index (SI) of 5.8. For betacyanin fraction from red spinach, the IC 50 value was 14.62 µg ml −1 with SI of 28.51. Using the maximum non-toxic betacyanin concentration, direct virucidal effect against DENV-2 was obtained from betacyanin fraction from red pitahaya (IC 50 of 126.70 μg ml −1 ; 95.0 % virus inhibition) and red spinach (IC 50 value of 106.80 μg ml −1 ; 65.9 % of virus inhibition). Betacyanin fractions from red pitahaya and red spinach inhibited DENV-2 in vitro .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (GenBank accession no. MH488959)

Chang

Pong

Hassan

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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“…The red spinach betacyanin fraction demonstrated greater benefits than the red pitahaya betacyanin fraction against bacterial adhesion on the polystyrene surface. The capacity of betacyanins to lower bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity may have reduced bacterial adherence to the polystyrene surface, reducing bacterial biofilm development (Yong, Dykes, Lee, & Choo, 2019). Yong et al (2021) exhibited anti-biofilm activity of mixed betacyanin fractions from red spinach and red pitahaya on diverse polymer surfaces, including polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and silicone rubber, against a co-culture of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.…”

Section: Anti-biofilm Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial betalains

Wijesinghe

Choo

2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Betalains are nitrogen-containing plant pigments that can be red-violet (betacyanins) or yellow-orange (betaxanthins), currently employed as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic sectors. Betalains exhibit antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microbes including multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as single-species and dual-species biofilm-producing bacteria, which is highly significant given the current antimicrobial resistance issue reported by The World Health Organization.Research demonstrating antiviral activity against dengue virus, in silico studies including SARS-CoV-2, and anti-fungal effects of betalains highlight the diversity of their antimicrobial properties. Though limited in vivo studies have been conducted, antimalarial and anti-infective activities of betacyanin have been observed in living infection models. Cellular mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of betalains are yet unknown; however existing research has laid the framework for a potentially novel antimicrobial agent. This review covers an overview of betalains as antimicrobial agents and discussions to fully exploit their potential as therapeutic agents to treat infectious diseases.

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“…Hylocereus plant extract also has the ability to lower total cholesterol in the body, which has also been tested in rats, and additionally has beneficial effects on the liver and on stabilization of blood glucose levels . The extracts of these plants also have strong antibacterial effects …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Determination of Betacyanins in Fruit Extracts of Melocactus Species

Sutor

Wybraniec

2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Betacyanin pigments were studied in edible fruits of four Melocactus species, M. violaceus Pfeiff., M. bahiensis (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb, M. amoenus (Hoffm.) Pfeiff., and M. curvispinus Pfeiff., by means of chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. The main pigment constituent, melocactin, endogenously present in the Melocactus species, was identified as betanidin 5- O -β-sophoroside betacyanin, previously known as “bougainvillein-r-I”. The highest total concentration of betacyanins was found in fruits of M. amoenus (∼0.08 mg/g). Except for melocactin being the most abundant betacyanin (34.8–38.8%) in the analyzed species, a presence of its malonylated derivative, mammillarinin (15.2–19.9%), as well as more hydrophobic feruloyled and sinapoyled melocactins was confirmed by additional co-chromatographic experiments with authentic reference betacyanins. The acyl migration isomers of the malonylated betacyanins as well as a presence of 5′′- O - E -sinapoyl-2′- O -apiosyl-betanin (2.3–3.0%) found frequently in light-stressed cacti was also acknowledged.

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Biofilm inhibiting activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus ) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius ) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms

Abstract: This study is the first to investigate the use of betacyanin as a biofilm inhibitory agent. Betacyanin could potentially be used to reduce the risk of biofilm-associated infections.

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (GenBank accession no. MH488959)

Antiviral activity of betacyanins from red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and red spinach (Amaranthus dubius) against dengue virus type 2 (GenBank accession no. MH488959)

Antimicrobial betalains

Identification and Determination of Betacyanins in Fruit Extracts of Melocactus Species

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