Biofilm-mediated wastewater treatment: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Global industrialization has increased and so has the pollution generated by those industries. Although all types of pollutions are a major concern for the environment. However, wastewater treatment has always...

Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes: Focus on Low-Carbon Energy and Resource Recovery in Biorefinery Context

“…Anaerobic treatment can be performed in anaerobic lagoons or anaerobic bioreactors (such as up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic baffled reactors). The treatment processes are categorized into three categories, viz., physical, chemical, and biological, each having specific advantages depending on the wastewater characteristics [ 2 ] ( Figure 2 ). Physical and chemical wastewater treatment processes are often used in conjunction with biological treatment to enhance the removal of pollutants and to meet discharge standards.…”

“…Phytoremediation methods include the use of constructed wetlands, floating aquatic plants, and terrestrial plants to uptake, accumulate, or degrade pollutants in wastewater [ 38 ]. Biological treatment methods can be efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly for removing organic matter, nutrients, pathogens, and some toxic substances from wastewater [ 2 , 39 ]. However, biological treatment methods can be sensitive to environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, oxygen, and toxicity, and require careful monitoring and control.…”

“…Biological wastewater treatment strategies can contribute to environmental sustainability and green energy by reducing the environmental impact of wastewater discharge, recovering valuable resources from wastewater, and producing renewable energy and bioproducts [ 1 , 2 ]. However, there are also some challenges and limitations that need to be addressed, such as the high capital and operational costs, low stable performance and scalability of the reactors, quality and safety of the products, and regulatory and social barriers.…”

Algal-Based Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Efficient Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

“…The hollow fiber membranes simultaneously function as a selective barrier, efficiently separating treated water from the algal biomass and trapping microorganisms. This dynamic synergy handles the elimination of contaminants as well as the confinement of living organisms, offering a sustainable and novel solution that transcends the limitations of conventional approaches [20]. This review delves into the inner workings of AHFMBRs, illuminating the nuances of their design, the dynamics of their functioning, and the potential they hold in revolutionizing wastewater treatment.…”

Treatment of palm oil mill effluent using modified rotating biological contactor with organic loading rate variations

“…At a high OLR (Organic Loading Rate), there is typically an increase in the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the RBC unit to meet the higher demands of microorganisms. With sufficient availability of nutrients and oxygen, microorganisms can function optimally to degrade organic materials, ultimately enhancing COD removal efficiency [11]. The modification of the RBC unit aims to increase the OLR by enhancing the contact area between wastewater and microorganisms.…”