Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogens in Pediatric Cases: a Hospital Based Study

Shrestha, D; Thapa, Pradeep; Bhandari, Dinesh; Parajuli, Hiramani; Chaudhary, Prakash; Thapa, Kabi; Sharma, Vijay Kumar; Shah, Pradeep Kumar

doi:10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20307

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This has important implications considering that a significant percentage of carbapenem-resistant isolates in some areas are MBL-producers 11,[92][93][94] . In contrast, the combination aztreonam/avibactam can restore activity against MBL-producing isolates, 95, [97][98][99] Other less studied combinations may also be useful. Notable is the in vitro synergy of colistin with agents such as linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin in colistin-resistant GNB strains.…”

Section: Synergistic Combinations For Pdr Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options

Karakonstantis

Kritsotakis

Gikas

2019

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

105

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The literature on the epidemiology, mortality and treatment of pandrug-resistant (PDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is scarce, scattered and controversial. Objectives To consolidate the relevant literature and identify treatment options for PDR GNB infections. Methods A systematic search in MEDLINE, Scopus and clinical trial registries was conducted. Studies reporting PDR clinical isolates were eligible for review if susceptibility testing for all major antimicrobials had been performed. Characteristics and findings of retrieved studies were qualitatively synthesized. Results Of 81 studies reviewed, 47 (58%) were published in the last 5 years. The reports reflected a worldwide dissemination of PDR GNB in 25 countries in 5 continents. Of 526 PDR isolates reported, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=175), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=172) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=125) were most common. PDR GNB were typically isolated in ICUs, but several studies demonstrated wider outbreak potential, including dissemination to long-term care facilities and international spread. All-cause mortality was high (range 20%–71%), but appeared to be substantially reduced in studies reporting treatment regimens active in vitro. No controlled trial has been performed to date, but several case reports and series noted successful use of various regimens, predominantly synergistic combinations, and in selected patients increased exposure regimens and newer antibiotics. Conclusions PDR GNB are increasingly being reported worldwide and are associated with high mortality. Several treatment regimens have been successfully used, of which synergistic combinations appear to be most promising and often the only available option. More pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and outcome studies are needed to guide the use of synergistic combinations.

show abstract

Section: Synergistic Combinations For Pdr Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options

Karakonstantis

Kritsotakis

Gikas

2019

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

105

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Klebsiella was usually found to be the second most frequent uropathogen unlike our study in which Proteus was more frequently isolated. [24][25][26] In our study, gram-negative rods demonstrated the highest resistance against ampicillin followed by Norfloxacin. Previous studies from Pakistan have also demonstrated high resistance against ampicillin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Children: The Current Trend

Najeeb

Tariq

Kanwal³

et al. 2019

JIMDC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections has led to increased health care costs and mortality among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative organisms responsible for urinary tract infection and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among pediatric patients of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2014 to June 2015, in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, affiliated with the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. About 270 urine samples of children with UTI were analyzed through Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and biochemical test strips system. Their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using standard techniques. Data were assessed and analyzed by SPSS version 17. Results: Most common uropathogen was Escherichia coli (61.48%), followed by Proteus (15.5), Klebsiella (12.3%), Pseudomonas (4.5%), Enterococcus (3.7%) and Enterobacter (2.5%). Gram-negative rods, were most sensitive to imipenem (100%), Gentamycin (86%) and Amikacin (78.3%). They were least sensitive to Ampicillin (4.2%) and Norfloxacin (5.5%). Gram-positive cocci showed highest sensitivity for Vancomycin (100%) while displayed relatively less sensitivity for Nitrofurantoin (61.2%) and Gentamycin (48.7%). Cephalosporins also showed increased resistance with only 14% of gram-negative rods showing sensitivity to Cefotaxime. These organisms were highly resistant to Penicillin, showing a sensitivity of only 12.4%. Conclusion: Decreased sensitivity against penicillin and cephalosporins is seen in uropathogens causing UTI in children. High sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin makes this drug an empirical treatment in UTI. Regular surveillance of the developing resistance in uropathogens due to inappropriate use of antibiotic is necessary to reduce complication in children with urinary tract infection.

show abstract

Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogens in Pediatric Cases: a Hospital Based Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options

Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options

Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Children: The Current Trend

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About