Biofilm production and distribution of pilus variants among <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> isolated from human and animal sources

Alvim, Danielle Cristina Santos Silva; Ferreira, Ana Flávia Martinho; Leal, Matheus Amaral; Oliveira, Laura Maria Andrade; Botelho, Ana; Botelho, Ana Caroline N.; Figueiredo, Agnes Marie Sá; Fracalanzza, Sérgio Eduardo Longo; Teixeira, Lúcia Martins; Pinto, Tatiana Castro Abreu

doi:10.1080/08927014.2019.1678592

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There is limited information available related to the formation of streptococci biofilms such as the composition of the GBS biofilm matrix. However, recent studies showed that this type of biofilm is mainly composed of proteins and eDNA, while polysaccharides represent a minor proportion ( D’Urzo et al, 2014 ; Alvim et al, 2019 ). The anti-biofilm effect of AOS against GBS V can be attributed to the disruption of the intramolecular interactions in EPS that might occur due to the negative charge of AOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activities of Alginate and Chitosan Oligosaccharides Against Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus

et al. 2021

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The bacterial pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cause serious infections in humans and animals. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates and bacterial biofilm formation entails the urge of novel treatment strategies. Recently, there is a profound scientific interest in the capabilities of non-digestible oligosaccharides as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents as well as adjuvants in antibiotic combination therapies. In this study, we investigated the potential of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) as alternative for, or in combination with antibiotic treatment. AOS (2–16%) significantly decreased GBS V growth by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both AOS (8 and 16%) and COS (2–16%) were able to prevent biofilm formation by S. aureus wood 46. A checkerboard biofilm formation assay demonstrated a synergistic effect of COS and clindamycin on the S. aureus biofilm formation, while AOS (2 and 4%) were found to sensitize GBS V to trimethoprim. In conclusion, AOS and COS affect the growth of GBS V and S. aureus wood 46 and can function as anti-biofilm agents. The promising effects of AOS and COS in combination with different antibiotics may offer new opportunities to combat antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activities of Alginate and Chitosan Oligosaccharides Against Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus

et al. 2021

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“…All GBS isolates, carry one or two pilus island variant in which PI-2a was the most common among human GBS isolates, while PI-2b was the most common for GBS isolates from animal origin [46,93,94,[97][98][99] (Table 2). Human GBS harboring PI-2b and animal GBS harboring PI-2a presented significantly reduced biofilm production [100]. In conclusion, strong biofilm production seems to be a common characteristic in GBS, and association of the clinical source with the pilus variant may be crucial.…”

Section: Fct (Fibronectin-binding Collagen-binding T-antigen) Type mentioning

confidence: 86%

Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms

et al. 2020

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Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.

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“…The analysis of bacterial species was performed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method [19][20][21]. Whole genomic probes were prepared from nine bacterial strains that are part of supra and subgingival plaque biofilm, some of them related to caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. intermedia, S. salivarius, S. mitis, B. forsythus, L. casei, L. salivarius, and L. fermentum) [22,23]. An evaluation of the bacterial counts in the samples was performed by comparing the obtained signals with the ones generated by the pooled standard samples containing a count of 10 6 and 10 5 of each bacterial species, respectively.…”

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration in Saliva and Antibacterial Effect of Xylitol Chewing Gum: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

et al. 2020

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Purpose. The saliva concentration of xylitol released from two chewing gums was recorded, the first containing xylitol as the only sweetener (100% xylitol) and the second containing only 22% of the polyol. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial effect of the two chewing gums was evaluated. Materials and Methods. The salivary concentration of Xylitol in 32 subjects was determined before and at 0.30, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 10.00 min while using the chewing gums, and at 15.00, 20.00, and 25.00 min after the gums were discarded. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined on a pooled subgingival plaque sample obtained from four patients with periodontal disease. Cariogenic and periodontal bacteria were evaluated before and 15 min, 60 min, and 24 h after gum contact. Results. Using the 100% xylitol chewing gum, saliva levels increased bimodally, one peak after 30 s (1.49 ± 1.41 logμg/L) and a second one at a 10-min evaluation (1.41 ± 1.11 logμg/L); the 22% chewing gum peaked only two minute after contact (1.21 ± 1.24 logμg/L). Overall, a statistically significantly higher salivary concentration of xylitol was detected using the 100% xylitol gum. All bacteria decreased after the addition of the two chewing gums; the 100% gum achieved a greater decrease than the 22% gum. Conclusion. The use of both chewing gums increased the concentrations of xylitol in saliva, with a statistically significantly higher concentration using the 100% xylitol gum. Cariogenic and periodontal bacteria were reduced by both chewing gums; 100% xylitol gum produced the highest and longest lasting effect. This study opens up to the use of xylitol against periodontal disease.

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Biofilm production and distribution of pilus variants among Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from human and animal sources

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Antimicrobial Activities of Alginate and Chitosan Oligosaccharides Against Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus

Antimicrobial Activities of Alginate and Chitosan Oligosaccharides Against Staphylococcus aureus and Group B Streptococcus

Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms

Concentration in Saliva and Antibacterial Effect of Xylitol Chewing Gum: In Vivo and In Vitro Study

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