Biofilms 2015: Multidisciplinary Approaches Shed Light into Microbial Life on Surfaces

Visick, Karen L.; Schembri, Mark A.; Yildiz, Fitnat H.; Ghigo, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1128/jb.00156-16

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The ability to form biofilm varies remarkably, even among strains of the same species [43–45]. Our results (Fig 7) indicate that the P. mirabilis biofilm may be stronger than that of E. coli [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinicalProteus mirabilisstrains

Filipiak

Chrapek

Literacka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Proteus mirabilis is the third most common etiological factor of the urinary tract infection (UTI). It produces urease, which contributes to the formation of crystalline biofilm, considered to be one of the most important virulence factors of P. mirabilis strains, along with their ability to swarm on a solid surface. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathogenic properties of two selected groups of clinical P. mirabilis isolates, antimicrobial-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR), collected from hospitals in different regions in Poland. The strains were examined based on virulence gene profiles, urease and hemolysin production, biofilm formation, and swarming properties. Additionally, the strains were differentiated based on the Dienes test and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. It turned out that the MDR strains exhibited kinship more often than susceptible ones. The strains which were able to form stronger biofilm had broader antimicrobial resistance profiles. It was also found that the strongest swarming motility correlated with susceptibility to most antibiotics. The correlations described in this work encourage further investigation of the mechanisms of pathogenicity of P. mirabilis.Author summaryProteus mirabilis is widely widespread in environment but also it is responsible for most Proteus infections, especially in human urinary tracts. They cause complicated, persistent infections especially due to the ability to form urinary stones. The clinical importance of P. mirabilis have been described in the literature many times. However, the role of pathogenic features with correlation to drug resistance require further investigation. In this research we analyzed thee virulence factors in relation to drug resistance of clinical P. mirabilis strains isolated from urine. The virulence genes, ureolytic and hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, swarming growth and strains kindship were analyzed. The most important observation was that the strains exhibited a stronger territorialism were kindred to a lower number of other strains, formed weaker biofilm and exhibited a lower resistance to antibiotics. Furthermore, we proved that the strains which were more likely to mutual growth, they were also less similar in the drug resistance profile but exhibited a higher resistance to antibiotics, which can be beneficial for different bacteria living together. We believe that P. mirabilis with strong territorialism can represent a wild group of strains with poor experience of antibiotic pressure. The environmental influence (toxins, antibiotics, bacterial neighbors) stimulates the development of a less dispersed community with stronger biofilm, exchange of genes and increase of resistance to antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinicalProteus mirabilisstrains

Filipiak

Chrapek

Literacka

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…One hypothesis is that hydrated polymer is a signal to phages of the presence of a hydrated host. Given that the exposure of phages to hydrated polymers occurs in biofilms [52,53], the data suggest a biofilm habitat for phages with propagation stimulated by hydrated polymer.…”

Section: Other Advantages Of Using Dilute Agarose Gels For Initial Phmentioning

confidence: 88%

In-Gel Isolation and Characterization of Large (and Other) Phages

Serwer

Wright

2020

Viruses

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We review some aspects of the rapid isolation of, screening for and characterization of jumbo phages, i.e., phages that have dsDNA genomes longer than 200 Kb. The first aspect is that, as plaque-supporting gels become more concentrated, jumbo phage plaques become smaller. Dilute agarose gels are better than conventional agar gels for supporting plaques of both jumbo phages and, prospectively, the even larger (>520 Kb genome), not-yet-isolated mega-phages. Second, dilute agarose gels stimulate propagation of at least some jumbo phages. Third, in-plaque techniques exist for screening for both phage aggregation and high-in-magnitude, negative average electrical surface charge density. The latter is possibly correlated with high phage persistence in blood. Fourth, electron microscopy of a thin section of a phage plaque reveals phage type, size and some phage life cycle information. Fifth, in-gel propagation is an effective preparative technique for at least some jumbo phages. Sixth, centrifugation through sucrose density gradients is a relatively non-destructive jumbo phage purification technique. These basics have ramifications in the development of procedures for (1) use of jumbo phages for phage therapy of infectious disease, (2) exploration of genomic diversity and evolution and (3) obtaining accurate metagenomic analyses.Here, we both review and augment data projected to help answer the above questions. We propose that data of this type are critical to efficient isolation of large phages, which include those with genomes longer than 200 Kb (jumbo phages [4][5][6]19]) and even larger phages with genome longer than 520 Kb (mega-phages [20,21]). The importance of these answers is illustrated by the fact that no mega-phage has ever been isolated [20,21], although even larger eukaryotic viruses have been isolated [22]. The existence of mega-phages is surmised from assembly of metagenomic sequences [20,21]. Host Bacteria In-Gel: Values of P E for Agarose Gels FundamentalsThe following data indicate that Gram-negative and Gram-positive phage hosts do not fit in the spaces of the 0.5-0.7% agar gels typically used to form phage plaques. This conclusion is derived, first, from the measurement of P E for agarose gels. This measurement begins by determining vs. sphere radius the minimal agarose gel concentration that excludes a sphere during electrophoresis [23]. These P E values are then used to anchor P E values determined from the sieving (gel-induced retardation) of spheres during gel electrophoresis. The most advanced study of the latter [24] yields the following relationship for underivatized, low-electro-osmosis agarose gels cast in 0.025 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, 0.001 M MgCl 2 at 25 • C: P E = 148A −0.87 nm; A is the weight percentage of agarose.A 0.7% agarose gel, if characterized by this relationship, has a P E of 202 nm, not large enough to admit a bacterial cell, such as the host for phage G. Our phage G host is~500 nm in radius and 2000-5000 nm in length, as is Escherichia coli [25], a representative of the ...

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“…This forms the main reason for biofilms to imbibe resistance against amoebae, host body, bacteriophage, etc. Due to this reason, biofilm engineering has become one of the important areas of research 23 .…”

Section: Biofilm Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell membrane is an important site of antimicrobial action. For example, anti-bacterial agents that interact with cell membrane can affect the overall permeability of cell, alter the membrane potential and structure 23 . Bacteria in biofilm are more resistant to drugs than their planktonic counterparts.…”

Section: Fig 6: Chemical Structure Of Eugenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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Bacteria predominantly remain in a self-produced polymeric matrix, adherent to an inert or living surface. This microenvironment community of bacteria is known as biofilm. Commonly visualized as a slimy layer, a number of unique features distinguish biofilms from their planktonic counterparts. Formation of biofilms depends on the extracellular signals, mechanical, biochemical, environmental conditions and genetic factors in bacteria. The attachment of biofilms is an intriguing process which is regulated by several characteristics such as substratum, cell surface, and growth medium. These biofilms cause various infections and are of at most importance when concerned about public health. One of the challenges faced during antibacterial drug development is to create compounds to counterattack the biofilm infections. In this study, antibiofilm activities of five essential oils (EUGENOL; CINNAMALDEHYDE; PIPERIDINE; LIMONENE) were discussed. This review consisting of explicit evidence proved that plants are indeed a wonderful source to provide naturally occurring compounds for development of therapeutic and preventive agents against infections caused by biofilms.

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Biofilms 2015: Multidisciplinary Approaches Shed Light into Microbial Life on Surfaces

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinicalProteus mirabilisstrains

Correlation of pathogenic factors with antimicrobial resistance of clinicalProteus mirabilisstrains

In-Gel Isolation and Characterization of Large (and Other) Phages

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