Biofilms in Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections: How Important are They?

Vlastarakos, Petros V.; Nikolopoulos, DM Thomas P.; Maragoudakis, P.; Tzagaroulakis, Antonios; Ferekidis, Eleftherios

doi:10.1097/mlg.0b013e318030e422

Cited by 103 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa are associated with chronic otitis media (Fergie et al, 2004;Vlastarakos et al, 2007). Further, M. catarrhalis is an important aetiological agent of otitis media in children that has been shown to be capable of forming such biofilms (Pearson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001–2002

et al. 2008

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Moraxella catarrhalis is generally associated with upper respiratory tract infections in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. However, little is known regarding the population biology of isolates infecting these two age groups. To address this, a population-screening strategy was employed to investigate 195 worldwide M. catarrhalis isolates cultured from children (,5 years of age) and adults (.20 years of age) presenting with respiratory disease in the years [2001][2002]. Parameters compared included: genotype analysis; autoagglutination/biofilmforming ability; serum resistance; uspA1, uspA2, uspA2H, hag and mcaP incidence; copB/LOS/ ompCD/16S rRNA types; and UspA1/Hag expression. A significant difference in biofilm formation (P50.002), but not in autoagglutination or serum resistance, was observed, as well as significant differences in the incidence of uspA2-and uspA2H-positive isolates, and the distribution of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) types (P,0.0001 and P50.01, respectively). Further, a significant decrease in the incidence of Hag expression (for isolates possessing the hag gene) was observed in adult isolates (P50.001). Both uspA2H and LOS type B were associated with 16S rRNA type 1 isolates only, and two surrogate markers (copB and ompCD PCR RFLP types) for the two major M. catarrhalis 16S rRNA genetic lineages were identified. In conclusion, there are significant differences in phenotype and gene incidence between M. catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease, possibly as a result of immune evasion in the adult age group. Our results should also be useful in the choice of effective vaccine candidates against M. catarrhalis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001–2002

et al. 2008

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“…Two key factors have been linked with suboptimal outcomes in treating such invasive S. aureus infections: (i) the organism's abilities to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics (e.g., methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] (3), and (ii) its ability to form biofilms on both native tissues and implanted biomaterials (2). It is well known that S. aureus cells within a complex biofilm matrix are refractory to both systemic antimicrobial agents and host immune responses (4)(5)(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in anIn VitroCatheter-Related Biofilm Model Correlates with Poor Therapeutic Outcomes in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abdelhady

Bayer

Seidl

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Systemic antibiotic therapy is effective in eliminating circulating bacteria, but it usually fails to protect the surfaces of materials from colonisation, leaving the patient at continued risks of complications or recurrence. [4][5][6][7] In several series, it has been shown that an indwelling DJ ureteral stent carries a significant risk of bacteriuria and stent colonisation. The relationship between urine and stent cultures is not clear, although Lojanapiwat [8] published urine culture results indicating colonisation in about two to three of the patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Double J Stent Bacterial Colonisation and Its Correlation With Bacteriuria Frequency

Garg¹,

Mishra²,

Bharti³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUND Stents and catheters are widely used in Urology. In this study, we identified the incidence of DJ stent bacterial colonisation and its correlation with bacteriuria frequency. MATERIALS AND METHODSBetween January 2015 and June 2016, 170 patients (17 to 72 years old) who underwent DJ stenting were enrolled in the study. Surgeries prior to stenting included PCNL, URS, Pyeloplasty, Pyelolithotomy and Ureterolithotomy. Prior to stenting, sterile urine samples were obtained, and urinary cultures were performed upon removal of the DJ stents along with stent culture. Eighty-three stents were inserted into the right ureter and eighty-seven into the left ureter of the patients. RESULTSCultures showed bacterial colonisation in 27 (16%) cases. There was no significant association between positive stent culture and patient age, sex or stent laterality. The rate of colonisation was 2.2%, 2.9%, and 25% when indwelling time was less than 4 weeks, 4-6 weeks, and more than 6 weeks, respectively. In the present study, the rate of infection associated with a DJ stent and urinary infection was not very high. However, bacterial colonisation increases significantly with indwelling time of the stent and sterile culture of urine does not rule out colonisation of the stent. CONCLUSIONBacteriological investigation showed very low rates of colonisation within 6 weeks after the insertion of stents, indicating that ureteral stents can be used safely within that time period. Bacterial colonisation is associated with increased chances of bacteriuria frequency. KEYWORDS BACKGROUNDAs the field of Endourology has developed, a great variety of foreign bodies have been designed, and with the increasing number of biomaterial devices used in Urology, biofilm formation and device infection are issues of growing importance. [1] In the present study, the frequency of colonisation on double J (DJ) stents and stent-associated bacteriuria was investigated. We aimed to compare the relationship between the colonisation of the bladder urine and that on the DJ stents that have been inserted for various reasons. We investigated the importance of indwelling time for infection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates in order to establish data on the aetiologic agents of Colonised stents and evaluate the significance of urinary cultures for the identification of colonising microorganisms.

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Biofilms in Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections: How Important are They?

Abstract: As the role of biofilms in human infection becomes better defined, ENT surgeons should be prepared to deal with their unique and tenacious nature.

Cited by 103 publications

References 88 publications

Age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001–2002

Age-related genotypic and phenotypic differences in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults presenting with respiratory disease in 2001–2002

Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in anIn VitroCatheter-Related Biofilm Model Correlates with Poor Therapeutic Outcomes in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Observation of Double J Stent Bacterial Colonisation and Its Correlation With Bacteriuria Frequency

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