Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces

Donlan, Rodney M.

doi:10.3201/eid0809.020063

Cited by 4,036 publications

(3,057 citation statements)

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“…Electron micrographs of TCCs have revealed complex communities of different microorganisms covered by an extensive matrix, the biofilm [20]. Bacterial biofilms are responsible for the resistance to most antimicrobial treatments in a high number of patients with device-related and other chronic infections, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, tonsillitis, cystic fibrosis, and prostatitis [21].…”

Section: The Role Of the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in children on hemodialysis: time for action

Stefanidis

2009

Pediatr Nephrol

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This editorial commentary discusses the strategies for prevention of catheter-related bacteremia (CRB) in children on hemodialysis, which is associated with high morbidity and the increase of hospital cost. There is evidence that the use of arteriovenous fistulae in children on hemodialysis is associated with lower infection rates. Therefore, the use of catheters in these patients should be decreased by improving arteriovenous fistulae use rates or by increasing peritoneal dialysis patient recruitment. However, despite the wide adoption of such policies, hemodialysis catheters are still being used in a significant number of cases. For these patients, implementation of effective strategies for preventing contamination of the catheter hub should be a priority. The appropriate recording and evaluation of CRB rates are important for assessing preventive policies. In addition, the successful management of a CRB is essential for preventing recurrence of bacteremia. Recently it was documented in a number of randomized clinical trials that antimicrobial lock solutions were effective for preventing CRB. It is suggested that the use of antimicrobial locks should be considered in children who are at high risk of developing CRB, with caution for their long-term use, because of the possibility of bacterial resistance. Now is the time for action, and all preventive steps should be performed simultaneously to minimize the risk of CRB.

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Section: The Role Of the Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in children on hemodialysis: time for action

Stefanidis

2009

Pediatr Nephrol

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“…A biofilm is 'an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is encased in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix' (Donlan, 2002). These unique communities form on various indwelling medical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation in invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates is associated with the clonal lineage

Naicker

Karayem

Hoek

et al. 2016

Microbial Pathogenesis

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2 Declaration I, Preneshni Rochelle Naicker, hereby declare that the work contained in this assignment is my original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, at any university for a degree. The ability to form biofilms contributes significantly to the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence factors may be associated with certain S. aureus lineages. However, the contribution of the genetic background of S. aureus to biofilm formation is poorly understood. This study investigated the association between the genetic background and the biofilm forming ability of clinical invasive S. aureus isolates. Secondary objectives included investigating any correlation with biofilm formation and methicillin resistance or the source of bacteraemia. Methods:The study was conducted at a 1300-bed tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. S. aureus isolates obtained from blood cultures between January 2010 and January 2012 were included. Genotypic characterization was performed by PFGE, spa typing, SCCmec typing and MLST. Thirty genotypically unique strains were assessed for phenotypic biofilm formation with the microtitre plate assay. All isolates were tested in triplicate and an average optical density, measured at a wavelength of 490nm, was determined. The biofilm forming ability of isolates with A 490 > 0.17 was considered 'weak positive' and A 490 > 0.34 'strong positive'. Isolates with A 490 ≤ 0.17 were considered non-adherent. ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests and t-tests were used for statistical analysis of the association between biofilm forming ability and strain characteristics.Results: Fifty seven percent of isolates were capable of forming biofilms. Weak biofilm formation occurred in 40% (n=12) and strong biofilm formation in 17% (n=5) of isolates. Thirteen (43%) of the isolates were classified as non-adherent. All 5 isolates capable of strong biofilm formation belong to one spa clonal complex (spa-CC 064). Strains from spa-CC 064 were capable of higher biofilm formation than other spa clonal complexes (p=0.00002). These 5 strains belonged to MLST CC5 and CC8. Biofilm formation did not correlate with methicillin resistance and was not related to the source of bacteraemia. Conclusion:Biofilm formation correlates with the spa clonal lineage in our population of invasive S. aureus strains. High biofilm formation was associated with spa-CC 064. MLST CC5 and CC8 strains are capable of strong biofilm formation.

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“…It is composed of multilayered consortia of photoautotrophs (e.g., unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, benthic diatoms and green microalgae) and heterotrophs (bacteria, fungi and protozoa) and is also dominated by more photoautotrophic microorganisms (Guzzon et al, 2008). The layers are embedded in a common extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), secreted by the community, that mediates the adhesion of photo and heterotrophs (Donlan, 2002;Sutherland, 2001). These communities are ubiquitous in most aquatic environments and plays a significant role in nutrient cycling (Battin et al, 2003) and purification of water ecosystems (Sabater et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phototrophic periphyton techniques combine phosphorous removal and recovery for sustainable salt-soil zone

Feng

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Phototrophic periphyton is effective in removing P (P o and P i ) from wastewaters.• Adsorption with physiochemical characteristic dominated P removal mechanism by periphyton.• The P within periphyton is mainly in forms of Labile-P and Ca-P.• The periphyton has vast potential application in recovering P for salt-soil zone The P (P i as KH 2 PO 4 and P o as ATP) removal processes by phototrophic periphyton were investigated by determining the removal kinetics, metal content (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Cu, and Zn) of the solution and P fractions (Labile-P, Fe/Al-P, Ca-P, and Res-P) within the periphyton. Results showed that the periphyton was able to remove completely both P i and P o after 48 h when periphyton content was greater than 0.2 g L −1 (dry weight). The difference between P i and P o removal was the conversion of P o into P i by the periphyton, after that the removal mechanism was similar. The P removal mechanism was mainly due to the adsorption on the surfaces of the periphyton, including two aspects: i) the adsorption of PO 4 3− onto metal salts such as calcium carbonate (~50%) and ii) complexation between PO 4 3− and metal cations such as Ca 2+ (~40%). However, this bio-adsorptional process was significantly influenced by the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of periphyton, water hardness, initial G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oKeywords:Science of the Total Environment 568 (2016) 838-844Abbreviations: α, the initial adsorption rate (mg g −1 h −1 ); β, the desorption constant (g mg −1 ); m, mass of adsorbent (g); t, time (h); C, the constant of boundary layer effect; H, Shannon index; R, ideal gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1 ); T, temperature (K); V, the volume of solutions (L); k 1 , pseudo-first-order kinetic model rate constant (h −1 ); k 2 , pseudosecond-order kinetic model rate constant (mg g −1 h −1 ); q e , the amount of P adsorbed onto the periphyton at equilibrium (mg g −1 ); q e,cal , the amount of P adsorbed onto the periphyton calculated by model at equilibrium (mg g −1 ); q m , the maximum adsorption capacity for the periphyton (mg g −1 ); q t , the amount of P adsorbed onto the periphyton at time t (mg g −1 ); C 0 , initial P concentration (mg L −1 ); K id , intraparticle rate constant (mg g −1 h -0.5 ); P i , inorganic phosphorus (mg L −1 ); P o , organic phosphorus (mg L −1 ); TP, the total phosphorus content (mg L −1 ); R 2 , linear regression coefficient; ANSW, artificial non-point source wastewater; ATP, disodium adenosine triphosphate (C 10 H 14 O 13 N 5 P 3 Na 2 ·3H 2 O); DW, dry weight of the periphyton (g); EPS, extracellular polymeric substance of the periphyton; PDW, pure distilled water.⁎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environment j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v P concentration, temperature and light intensity. This study not only deepens the understanding of P biogeochemical process in aquatic ecosystem, but provides a potential biomaterial...

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Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces

Cited by 4,036 publications

References 77 publications

Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in children on hemodialysis: time for action

Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia in children on hemodialysis: time for action

Biofilm formation in invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates is associated with the clonal lineage

Phototrophic periphyton techniques combine phosphorous removal and recovery for sustainable salt-soil zone

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