Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: Evaluation in terms of fouling index

Chinu, K.H.; Johir, Abu Hasan; Vigneswaran, S.; Shon, Ho Kyong; Kandasamy, Jaya

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.12.014

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…>80% removal, comparable to the results of Chinu et al (2009) and Graese et al (1987) for GAC media columns operating at similar EBCT values. However, there was no significant difference in removal across the different media tested, despite materials 1-3 being finer grade which would thus be expected to produce a greater reduction in turbidity than the coarser grades of 4-7.…”

Section: Column Trialssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…GAC pretreatment has been shown to halve the rate of flux decline (Shon et al 2004), and reduce the modified fouling index (MFI) by 91% for dead-end MF of wastewater (Khorshed et al 2on). A 58% reduction in MFI has been reported for filtering rainwater with a turbidity of 42 NTU and total suspended solids of 160 mg/L (Areerachakul et al 2009), and an 88% reduction for seawater of < 1 NTU turbidity (Chinu et al 2009) which then significantly reduced fouling of the downstream reverse osmosis membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Granular activated carbon for removal of organic matter and turbidity from secondary wastewater

Hatt

Germain

Judd

2013

Water Science and Technology

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A range of commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) media have been assessed as pretreatment technologies for a downstream microfiltration (MF) process. Media were assessed on the basis of reduction in both organic matter and turbidity, since these are known to cause fouling in MF membranes. Isotherm adsorption analysis through jar testing with supplementary column trials revealed a wide variation between the different adsorbent materials with regard to organics removal and adsorption kinetics. Comparison with previous work using powdered activated carbon (PAC) revealed that for organic removal above 60% the use of GAC media incurs a significantly lower carbon usage rate than PAC. All GACs tested achieved a minimum of 80% turbidity removal. This combination of turbidity and organic removal suggests that GAC would be expected to provide a significant reduction in fouling of a downstream MF process with improved product water quality.

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Section: Column Trialssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Granular activated carbon for removal of organic matter and turbidity from secondary wastewater

Hatt

Germain

Judd

2013

Water Science and Technology

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“…The BAC bed also has the advantage of being a compact reactor due to a high biofilm surface area, high biomass concentration, and minimum excess sludge production, resulting in stable operation and good protection against toxicants. The BAC utilizing the combination of adsorption and biodegradable techniques also provides an attractive pre-filtration for achieving both high organics removal and low membrane fouling rates [9,10]. Previous studies reported that the submerged type of membrane module into a GS reactor and the addition of activated carbon into MBRs have been studied to improve both a membrane fouling mitigation and an organic and nutrient removal [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BAC utilizing the combination of adsorption and biodegradable techniques also provides an attractive pre-filtration for achieving both high organics removal and low membrane fouling rates [9,10]. Previous studies reported that the submerged type of membrane module into a GS reactor and the addition of activated carbon into MBRs have been studied to improve both a membrane fouling mitigation and an organic and nutrient removal [6][7][8][9][10]. The submerged MBRs have achieved a low fouling rate for short filtration time, whereas they have achieved a high fouling rate for a long filtration time, resulting in a high increase of suspended solids through granules break-up due to an agitation in MBR [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sequencing batch reactor (SBR)/granular activated carbon (GAC) bed and membrane hybrid system for simultaneous water reuse and membrane fouling mitigation

Lee

Hyun

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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The objectives of this study are to assess the potential of an activated and granular sludge (AS and GS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)/granular activated carbon (GAC) coupled with a membrane for achieving reclamation and reuse of real mixed wastewater and to evaluate the feasibility of the configured systems for achieving membrane fouling mitigation. A better performance of membrane filtration (MF) having lower membrane fouling was observed at both higher agitation velocity and lower permeate flux. Despite a twice shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) than that of the AS-SBR/MF configured system, the performances of the GS-SBR/MF system without and with a GAC bed as a pretreatment for the MF process achieved higher efficiencies than those of the AS-SBR system for organics and nutrient removal and higher flux in the MF. The addition of a GAC filter after SBR processes was more effective in mitigating membrane fouling due to effective foulant removal. These results indicate that the GS-SBR as an alternative process for the AS-SBR or the addition of a GAC bed after the SBR process is needed to obtain the reusable water with good quality and to improve the fouling rate and filtration time of the MF process.

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“…Biofiltration is used as a pretreatment process in membrane filtration (Persson et al, 2006;Chinu et al, 2009) and is installed downstream from advanced oxidation processes (e.g. ozonation) to reduce ozonation by-products (Servais et al, 1994;Carlson and Amy, 1997;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

Simon

Rudé

Llorens

et al. 2013

Water Air Soil Pollut

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In the present study, we examined seawater biofiltration in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and turbidity. A pilot biofilter continuously fed with fresh seawater reduced both turbidity and biological activity measured by ATP.Experiments operated with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of between 2 and 14 min resulted in cellular ATP removals of 32% to 60% and turbidity removals of 38% to 75%. Analysis of the water from backwashing the biofilter revealed that the first half of the biofilter concentrated around 80% of the active biomass and colloidal material that produces turbidity. By reducing the EBCT, the biological activity moved from the first part of the biofilter to the end. Balances of cellular ATP and turbidity between consecutive backwashings indicated that the biological activity generated in the biofilter represented more than 90% of the detached cellular ATP. In contrast, the trapped ATP was less than 10% of the overall cellular ATP detached during the backwashing process. Furthermore, the biological activity generated in the biofilter seemed to be more dependent on the elapsed time than the volume filtered. In contrast, the turbidity trapped in the biofilter was proportional to the volume filtered, although a slightly higher amount of turbidity was found in the backwashing water; this was probably due to attrition of the bed medium. Finally, no correlations were found between turbidity and ATP, indicating that the two parameters focus on different matter. This suggests that turbidity should not be used as an alternative to cellular concentration.

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Biofilter as pretreatment to membrane based desalination: Evaluation in terms of fouling index

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Granular activated carbon for removal of organic matter and turbidity from secondary wastewater

Granular activated carbon for removal of organic matter and turbidity from secondary wastewater

Effect of sequencing batch reactor (SBR)/granular activated carbon (GAC) bed and membrane hybrid system for simultaneous water reuse and membrane fouling mitigation

Study of Seawater Biofiltration by Measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Turbidity

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