Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density

Adineh, Hossein; Naderi, Mahdi; Hamidi, Mohammad Khademi; Harsij, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.057

Cited by 99 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The observation might be contributed to slower ammonia conversion rates in the RAS system; that is, low concentration of ammonia in BFT1 and BFT2 systems can be attributed to higher growth of heterotrophic bacteria (Michaud, 2007). Many researchers have reported parallel and confirmative findings and revealed lower levels of TNA in biofloc systems (Adineh et al., 2019; Ray, Drury, & Cecil, 2017; Widanarni, Ekasari, & Maryam, 2012). The TAN concentration in the RAS was higher than the others treatments, which might indicate that the biofilter was still maturing and could gradually increase its function in the course of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…It is difficult to explain this finding, but it might be related to the conversion of indigestible phosphorus into digestible form by heterotrophic bacteria (Luo et al., 2014; Schneider, Sereti, Machiels, Eding, & Verreth, 2006). This, therefore, indicates that the decrease of phosphate concentration in the biofloc treatments may be due to the assimilation of phosphate by heterotrophic bacteria (Adineh et al., 2019; Ray & Lotz, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…FCR was significantly lower in BFT2 because 10% of daily feed was deducted in treatment ( p < .05). Therefore, the biofloc can be eaten as a food source for common carp and, decreases production costs (Adineh et al., 2019; Crab et al., 2010; Luna‐González et al., 2017; Wasielesky, Atwood, Stokes, & Browdy, 2006; Xu & Pan, 2014). Zhao et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortisol level in WE and RAS was higher than in biofloc systems. Biofloc has an anti‐stress effect and decrease plasma cortisol levels (Adineh et al., 2019; Liu, Zhu, Liu, & Ye, 2018; Verma, Rani, Rathore, Saharan, & Gora, 2016). In general, high concentrations of cortisol have been reported in RAS for tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Mota, Martins, Eding, Canário, & Verreth, 2016) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) (Kolodziej, Harter, & Davidl, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial biofilms and bioflocs are used as food sources and have opened a promising avenue to improve aquaculture management (Martınez‐Cordova, Emerenciano, Miranda‐Baeza, & Martınez‐Porchas, 2015; Martínez‐Porchas & Vargas‐Albores, 2015). Comparing the biofloc technology (BFT) with a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), BFT improved growth performance in some species like lemon fin barb hybrid ( Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barboides gonionotus ♀) (Dauda, Romanoc, Chena, Natraha, & Kamarudin, 2018), tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Azim & Little, 2008; Luo et al., 2014) and common carp (Adineh, Naderi, Khademi Hamidi, & Harsij, 2019). Besides, biofloc can also reduce the cost of conventional feed and provide more economic benefits for aquaculture (Luna‐González et al., 2017; Panjaitan, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

et al. 2020

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In a 2‐month trial, four different aquaculture systems, viz., (a) rearing at 50% daily water exchange without filtration (WE), (b) biofloc system (BFT1), without water exchange or filtration, (c) biofloc system (BFT2), similar to BFT1 but 10% of daily feed deducted, and (d) recirculating system (RAS), without water exchange, were compared through monitoring water quality as well as measuring the growth, haematological and immunological indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Metagenomics was also applied to characterize the microbial profile of the waters through screening 16S rDNA gene sequences. BFT systems demonstrated lower values of pH, dissolved oxygen but did higher concentration of total suspended solid (TSS) and 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). No significant change was observed in haematocrit, haemoglobin, albumin, total protein and total cholesterol of the fish kept in all treatments. Metagenomics analysis revealed the highest abundance for Proteobacteria in BFT1, BFT2 and RAS systems, whereas Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in WE treatment. At the genus level, Flavobacterium (in BFT treatments), Sphingobacterium (RAS) and Rhodoluna (WE treatment) were the dominant bacteria. Taken together, BFT treatments could improve water quality and feed utilization. Moreover, BFT and RAS rearing conditions might change microbial structure of water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

et al. 2020

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Effects of stocking density on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, and economic efficiency of a new strain of Oreochromis niloticus reared in cage culture system at Sindh Pakistan

Hassan,

Ali,

Wattoo

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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The latest strain of Oreochromis niloticus is an altered ecological adaptation for sustainable aquaculture and is necessary to sustain stocking density and reduce physiological stress of the new strain. The present study aimed to determine the optimum stocking density, biological performance, and economic efficiency of the Nile tilapia. The 14,000 healthy seeds and uniform weight (40 ± 2.4 g) sex‐reversed Oreochromis niloticus were stocked in four cages, which are cage (1) 20 fish/m3, cage (2) 30 fish/m3, cage (3) 40 fish/m3, and cage (4) 50 fish/m3. The fish were fed 30% dietary protein and feeding frequency three times per day and the feeding rate adjusted according to the fish body weight. Results showed a significantly higher growth, weight gain, and specific growth rate in Nile tilapia stocking density on cage (1), 20 fish/m3 and cage (2), 30 fish/m3 compared to cage (3), 40 fish/m3 and cage (4), 50 fish/m3 (p < .05). The survival and growth rate showed an inverse relationship with stocking density. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the lowest in cage (1) and cage (2), which is significantly different from those of other cages (p < .05). The profit index (%) was significantly higher at low density. There was no significant variation in the HSI, VSI and CF. The digestive enzymes such as lipase and amylase were secreted highly in the cages (3) and (4) but high protease was secreted in cage (1). The lipid, ash, and protein of the whole fish were reduced to a lower density, but the moisture levels in the fish bodies raised significantly (p < .05) with increasing stocking density. The phenomenal regression indicates that 25–35 fish/m3 are optimum stocking density for Nile tilapia in the cage culture system. The current study has made significant step toward optimizing the stocking density of a new strain and developing cage culture in Pakistan.

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Influence of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Intestinal Antioxidant Status, and Immune‐Related Gene Expression of Endangered Megalobrama pellegrini Reared in a Flow‐Through System

et al. 2021

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A 42-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of stocking density on the growth and health status of juvenile Megalobrama pellegrini. Fish (initial body weight = 0.45 AE 0.01 g) were reared in a flow-through system under five stocking densities: 0.15, 0.24, 0.34, 0.42, and 0.50 kg/m 3 . Significantly lower growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate) and a higher feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish reared at the highest stocking density (0.50 kg/m 3 ). Similarly, intestinal oxidative stress analyses indicated that activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced in M. pellegrini reared at the highest stocking density; the highest malondialdehyde content was also recorded in this group. In addition, intestinal glutathione content was significantly increased in higher-density groups compared with the lowest density group (0.15 kg/m 3 ), and the highest value appeared in the 0.34-kg/m 3 group. Intestinal CYP1A* (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A gene) expression was significantly lower in the 0.15-kg/m 3 group than in the 0.42-kg/m 3 group. Furthermore, the 0.50-kg/m 3 group had significantly higher gene expression of Nrf2* (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2), NF-κB* (nuclear factor kappa beta), and MyD88* (myeloid differentiation factor 88) than the lower-density groups. This study indicated that 0.45-1.36-g M. pellegrini could be cultured at a density of 0.34 kg/m 3 for maximum growth in a flow-through system without negative effects on the measured physiological indicators of stress and immunity.

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Biofloc technology improves growth, innate immune responses, oxidative status, and resistance to acute stress in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under high stocking density

Cited by 99 publications

References 58 publications

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

Comparison between recirculating aquaculture and biofloc systems for rearing juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ): Growth performance, haemato‐immunological indices, water quality and microbial communities

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, and economic efficiency of a new strain of Oreochromis niloticus reared in cage culture system at Sindh Pakistan

Influence of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Intestinal Antioxidant Status, and Immune‐Related Gene Expression of Endangered Megalobrama pellegrini Reared in a Flow‐Through System

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