Biofortification of Maize for Nutritional Security

Hossain, Firoz; Zunjare, Rajkumar U.; Muthusamy, Vignesh; Bhat, Jayant S.; Mehta, Brijesh K.; Sharma, D.R.; Talukder, Zahirul A.; Chhabra, Rashmi; Katral, Ashvinkumar; Dutta, Suman; Chand, Gulab; Bhatt, Vinay; Mishra, Subhra J.; Gain, Nisrita; Kasana, Ravindra Kumar; Gopinath, Ikkurti; Duo, Hriipulou

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3280-8_6

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…This was expected, as one of the main limitations of R1-nj in haploid/diploid selection is its incomplete penetrance and varied expressivity. The low values of the penetrance estimates in tropical and tropical x temperate germplasms indicate a higher frequency of inhibitors in these germplasms, such as C1-I, C2-Idf, and in-1D (Chaikam et al, 2015;Gain et al, 2022). Chaikam et al, (2015) propose a careful selection of the parents that will be used in the synthesis of the source germplasm, regarding the absence of anthocyanin inhibitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popcorn haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level

Silva

Viana

Dias

et al. 2023

Preprint

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For popcorn, obtaining and identifying haploids are still challenging steps. We aimed to induce and screen haploids in popcorn using the Navajo phenotype, seedling vigor and ploidy level. We used the Krasnodar Haploid Inducer (KHI) in crosses with 20 popcorn source germplasms and five maize controls. The field trial design was completely randomized, with three replications. We assessed the efficacy of induction and of identification of haploids based on haploidy induction rate (HIR) and false positive and negative rates (FPR and FNR). Additionally, we also measured the penetrance of the Navajo marker gene (R1-nj). All putative haploids classified by R1-nj were germinated together with a diploid sample and evaluated for false positives and negatives based on vigor. Seedlings from 14 females were submitted to flow cytometry to determine the ploidy level. The HIR and penetrance were analyzed by fitting a generalized linear model with a logit link function. The HIR of the KHI, adjusted by cytometry, ranged from 0.0 to 1.2%, with a mean of 0.34%. The average FPR from screening based on the Navajo phenotype were 26.2% and 76.4%, by the vigor and ploidy, respectively. The FNR was zero. The penetrance of R1-nj ranged from 30.8 to 98.6%. The average number of seeds per ear in temperate germplasm (76) was lower than that obtained in tropical germplasm (98). There is induction of haploids in germplasm of tropical and temperate origin. We recommend the selection of haploids associating the Navajo phenotype with a direct method of confirming the ploidy level, such as flow cytometry. We also show that haploid screening based on Navajo phenotype and seedling vigor reduces misclassification. The origin and genetic background of the source germplasm influence the R1-nj penetrance. Because the known inducers are maize, developing doubled-haploid technology for popcorn hybrid breeding requires overcoming the unilateral cross-incompatibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Popcorn haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level

Silva

Viana

Dias

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Food‐based solutions through crop biofortification have emerged as the most effective strategy to alleviate nutritional disorders (Bouis et al, 2019). Thus, understanding the genetic variability and identification of suitable donor inbreds high in essential amino acids would help in breeding biofortified hybrids (Hossain et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowledge of the genetic diversity of a targeted trait is indispensable for crop improvement. The presence of suitable donor lines in germplasm enables a breeder to develop a desired cultivar (Hossain et al, 2022). Though the composition of lysine and tryptophan has been studied more comprehensively worldwide, variation of methionine among maize inbreds is seldom monitored (Scott et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of methionine and association with lysine and tryptophan in subtropically adapted maize breeding lines

Duo,

Muthusamy,

Mishra

et al. 2023

Cereal Chem

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Background and objectivesMaize protein lacks essential amino acids such as methionine, lysine and tryptophan. Limited information exists on composition and variation of kernel methionine. This study assessed methionine variability and its relationship with lysine and tryptophan in 48 maize inbreds at three locations.FindingsANOVA revealed significant variation for kernel methionine (0.031‐0.305%), lysine (0.118‐0.389%) and tryptophan (0.014‐0.090%). CML591 (0.305%), CML596 (0.286%) and CML421 (0.284%) showed highest methionine content. Average methionine contents were comparable in QPM (0.156%) and normal (0.150%) lines. Methionine showed no correlation with lysine (r=0.001) and tryptophan (r=0.032), while lysine and tryptophan exhibited a strong positive correlation (r=0.740). CML165 (methionine: 0.272%, lysine: 0.320%, tryptophan: 0.090%), CML186 (methionine: 0.254%, lysine: 0.389%, tryptophan: 0.083%) and HKI163 (methionine: 0.252%, lysine: 0.331%, tryptophan: 0.084%) were the promising genotypes considering all the three amino acids.ConclusionsMulti‐location experiments revealed genetic variation in methionine, lysine and tryptophan among the 48 inbreds. No negative correlation between the amino acids indicates the possibility of developing cultivars high in methionine, lysine and tryptophan.Significance and noveltyIdentified nutrient rich inbreds will serve as valuable germplasm in maize biofortification program. This is the first report on methionine variability and its relationship with lysine and tryptophan in subtropical maize.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Its usage is on the rise for hastening the creation of biofortified varieties by either selecting or incorporating key genes/QTLs [131]. In maize, advantageous gene variants have been pinpointed for characteristics such as opaqueness (o2, o16), β-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1), lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE), γ-tocopherol methyl transferase (vte4), as well as lpa1-1 and lpa2-1, for a comprehensive study, refer to Hossain et al [132]. Molecular markers for these genes are publicly available, facilitating their use in molecular breeding through different MAS approaches.…”

Section: Zmsweet4cmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Grain to Gain: Revolutionizing Maize Nutrition

Mandal,

Kumar Singh,

Chaudhary

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This chapter explores the pivotal role of maize (Zea mays L.) in global nutrition, emphasizing its status as a staple food worldwide. It discusses maize's complex nutritional profile, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and dietary fiber. The chapter also covers biofortification efforts to enhance maize with essential nutrients, addresses nutritional concerns related to maize-centric diets, and explores genetic modification and agronomic strategies to boost nutrient-rich maize yields. Additionally, it delves into maize processing traditions, nutrient retention techniques, and the importance of promoting nutrient-rich maize varieties. The chapter outlines post-harvest strategies to combat nutrient loss and prevent contamination while emphasizing the significance of consumer education and diverse diets. Case studies illustrate the impact of improved maize nutrition and provide replicable strategies. The chapter concludes by considering emerging research and technology, identifying challenges, and proposing solutions to enhance maize's nutritional value in the future.

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Biofortification of Maize for Nutritional Security

Cited by 13 publications

References 162 publications

Popcorn haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level

Popcorn haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level

Composition of methionine and association with lysine and tryptophan in subtropically adapted maize breeding lines

From Grain to Gain: Revolutionizing Maize Nutrition

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