Biofortification of milk and cheese with microelements by dietary feed bio-preparations

Abstract

The present work reports studies on biofortification of milk and cheese with microelements. The diet of goats was supplemented with soya-based preparations with Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II), produced by biosorption, instead of mineral salts. In innovative preparations, soya was the biological carrier of microelements. The utilitarian properties of the new preparations were tested in two groups (8 goats in each): experimental and control. The concentration of supplemented microelements was monitored in milk during the experiment. The collected milk was then used to produce cheese by enzymatic and acidic coagulation method. The effect of milk and cheese biofortification in microelements was confirmed. In milk, the level of the following microelements was higher than in the control: Cu(II) - 8.2 %, Mn(II) - 29.2 %, Zn(II) - 14.6 %. In cheese the content of Zn(II) obtained in enzymatic (19.8 %) and in acidic (120 %) coagulation was higher when compared to the control group. By using bio-preparations with microelements it was possible to produce new generation of functional food biofortified with microelements, by agronomic, and thus sustainable and ethically acceptable way. Biofortified milk and cheese can be used as designer milk to prevent from micronutrient deficiencies. Graphical Abstractᅟ.

Production of dietary feed supplements enriched in microelements in a pilot plant biosorption system

“…The obtained preparations were used as dietary feed supplements with microelements in the zootechnical studies on fatteners and goats, with the biofortification effect being brought, thus resulting in the biofortification effect (Witkowska et al 2015).…”

“…Our previous feeding trials on goats have shown that the use of new formulation resulted in the enrichment of milk with trace elements. The use of biological additives causes the enrichment of milk with trace elements such as copper (about 8.2 %), manganese (29.2 %) and zinc (14.6 %) (Witkowska et al 2015).…”

“…It is because of the disadvantages of conventionally used feed supplements and a small amount of research on innovative formulations that basic research should be focused on the development of a new formulation. New feed additives based on the biosorption process would be characterized by a low price, good bioavailability, non-toxicity for animals and the environment (Witkowska et al 2015). Additionally, this kind of material would not cause difficulties in redistributing in the Fig.…”

Biomass Enriched with Minerals via Biosorption Process as a Potential Ingredient of Horse Feed

“…In our previous studies we showed that biomass enriched with microelement ions constituted a source of highly bioavailable minerals to animals (laying hens, pigs, goats) and can partly replace traditionally used inorganic salts as a main source of microelements [20][21][22]. In these studies it was shown that the bioavailability of microelements from the enriched biomass was higher than from inorganic salts.…”

New feed supplement from macroalgae as the dietary source of microelements for pigs

“…Soyabased preparations with Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) produced by biosorption were tested also on goats. It resulted in goats' biofortified milk and cheese which could be used as designer milk to prevent micronutrient deficiencies [21]. The same enriched soybean meal was examined in the zootechnical studies on fatteners.…”