Biofouling and barnacle adhesion data for fouling‐release coatings subjected to static immersion at seven marine sites

Swain, Geoffrey; Anil, Arga Chandrashekar; Baier, Robert E.; Chia, Fu‐Shiang; Conte, Ersilia; Cook, Angela; Hadfield, Michael G.; Haslbeck, Elizabeth G; Holm, Eric; Kavanagh, Christopher; Kohrs, Don; Kovach, Brett; Lee, Cynthia; Mazzella, L.; Meyer, A.E.; Qian, Pei‐Yuan; Sawant, Sanghapal D.; Schultz, Michael P.; Sigurðsson, Jón Friðrik; Smith, Celia M.; Soo, L.; Terlizzi, Antonio; Wagh, A.B.; Zimmerman, R. H.; Zupo, Valerio

doi:10.1080/08927010009378456

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The method provides an expedient way to determine the relative strength of attachment of barnacles to surfaces. These hand measurements taken on the same material on multiple occasions have shown repeatable results within a certain amount of variability [6][7][8]. The variability consists of biological, mechanical, and material factors (e.g., organism growth and morphology, loading angle, and adherend composition and stability).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

Kavanagh

Quinn

Swain

2005

The Journal of Adhesion

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The detachment of barnacles (under shear and tensile loads) from silicone was investigated with the aid of high-speed digital video recording. A handheld probe was used to apply loads to the shells of barnacles attached to three clear siliconeelastomer coatings of known thickness applied to glass plates. The tests were performed in the laboratory in air and underwater. Representative data are presented as a qualitative description of separation at the barnacle adhesive-silicone interface. Detailed examination of adhesive separation during detachment provided new insight into the nature of a marine biological adhesive on a low modulus, artificial surface. The visible response of the barnacle adhesive on silicone under external shear and tensile loading was suggestive of the viscous fingering seen in Saffman-Taylor instabilities. Complex branching separation occurred in rapid progression, usually within 100 ms. The results suggest that the barnacle adhesive exhibits rheological responses of a viscous material at the interface with silicone surfaces. Additional experiments with time-lapse photography demonstrated that the adhesive was stable underwater but became dehydrated or coalesced when exposed directly to air. A simple model of the adhesive system of a barnacle in contact with silicone based upon Balanus eburneus is proposed to assist in the development of a more complete understanding of barnacle adhesion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

Kavanagh

Quinn

Swain

2005

The Journal of Adhesion

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“…The study found that whilst the relative performance of the coatings was similar at each site, there were statistically significant differences in the type and intensity of fouling that developed on the coatings and in barnacle adhesion strength among sites. The results emphasize the importance of evaluating potential coatings at more than one static immersion site [74] as barnacle adhesion strength varied with environments.…”

Section: Adhesive Strengthmentioning

confidence: 97%

Underwater adhesion: The barnacle way

Khandeparker

Anil

2007

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

101

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Barnacle cement is an underwater adhesive insoluble protein complex. Marine proteins secreted by the invertebrates such as barnacles and mussels have potential application as powerful adhesives as they insolubilize and adhere to variety of substrates in aqueous environment. The adhesive properties of the barnacle adhesive proteins have been utilized for various dental and medical purposes. These polyphenolic proteins are currently in demand as they are non-toxic biomaterial, highly effective glues and it is very difficult to raise antibodies against these proteins and owing to this low immunogenicity is also attractive for human applications. This review provides a brief account of biochemical composition of barnacle adhesive proteins and their applications. On immersion of a surface in the marine environment the fouling process is initiated instantly. Biofouling is one of the most serious problems and costs the US Navy an estimated $1 billion per annum [1]. In general, the first stage is conditioning of the surface by the adsorption of organic and inorganic compounds. Conditioned surfaces are then colonized by various microorganisms such as bacteria, diatoms etc. [2,3] followed by attachment of algal spores and invertebrate larvae [4]. These biofilms play an important role in mediating settlement and metamorphosis of invertebrate larvae [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Chemical cues such as exopolymers and other excreted products produced by microorganisms have been shown to be involved in settlement of macrofoulers, metamorphosis induction, growth and development of organisms [15,16,20,21,22,23,24,25]. Attachment of barnaclesAmong the macrofoulers, barnacles are the dominant fouling organisms found throughout the world. A lot of research on barnacles has been carried out with respect to it's settlement and ecology [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,20,21,22,23,26,27,28].The larval development of these organisms includes six naupliar instars and a non-feeding presettling cyprid instar. The anatomy of the cyprid is different from the preceding naupliar instars (Figure 1). The cypris larvae explore the substratum hunting a place for attachment [29]. The attaching antennular segment consists of large, thin, circular sucking disc from the edge of which cement is secreted, and the antennular disc becomes attached to the substratum [30,31]. Two types of barnacle adhesion to a substratum have been observed, namely temporary and permanent adhesion [17]. The cyprid employs the antennular disc, an adhesive organ, for temporary attachment to the substratum [32,33] (Figure 2). While exploring a substratum, the barnacle cypris larva leaves behind ' footprints' of temporary adhesive (CTA) 4[34], which is believed to be secreted by the glands of the antennular disc and serves to hold the cyprid onto the substratum while it searches for a place to settle. Barnacle cement is used for permanent settlement and is an underwater adhesive of insoluble protein complex. The cyprid after settling on a surface molts its carapace an...

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“…Intersleek and Sigma Glide was in the range of published data from Swain et al (2000) and Kavanagh et al (2003) for fouling release coatings. The adhesion strength of barnacles to Dow Corning 3140 RTV and General Electric RTV11 ranged between 0.15 and 0.5 MPa.…”

Section: The Adhesion Strength Measured For Barnacles Onmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Desiccation on the Adhesion of Barnacles Attached to Non-stick Coatings

Wiegemann

Watermann²

2004

Biofouling

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Fouling-release coatings prevent fouling of ships' hulls through hydrodynamic forces generated as the ship moves through the water. The effectiveness of such coatings may be evaluated by measuring the adhesion strength of settled organisms, e.g. barnacles. The influence of desiccation of the barnacle adhesive on such measurements was investigated. Shear forces required to remove barnacles of the genus Balanus increased during the course of desiccation up to the point when the barnacles suddenly self-detached. The increase was thought to be due to the rising cohesive strength of the adhesive. Growing tensile forces within the weakly cross-linked adhesive, however, are suggested to have led to self-detachment. The shear forces required to remove barnacles of the genus Elminius were generally low and did not differ significantly during the course of desiccation. The different results may be attributed to specific base morphologies. It was concluded that measuring the adhesion strength of members of the Balanidae on non-stick surfaces in air could produce flawed results due to the influence of desiccation of the barnacle adhesive. The investigations have also provided new insights into the characteristics of barnacle adhesive.

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Biofouling and barnacle adhesion data for fouling‐release coatings subjected to static immersion at seven marine sites

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

Observations of Barnacle Detachment from Silicones using High-Speed Video

Underwater adhesion: The barnacle way

The Impact of Desiccation on the Adhesion of Barnacles Attached to Non-stick Coatings

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