Biofouling likely serves as a major mode of dispersal for the polychaete tubeworm<i>Hydroides elegans</i>as inferred from microsatellite loci

Pettengill, James B.; Wendt, Dean E.; Schug, Malcolm D.; Hadfield, Michael G.

doi:10.1080/08927010701218952

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…H. elegans is generally thought of as a coppertolerant species (Allen, 1953;Johnston & Keough, 2003;Piola & Johnston, 2007;Dafforn et al, 2008), and exhibits tolerance of TBT (this study), which together may have aided its cosmopolitan dispersal on vessel hulls (Pettengill et al, 2007) and establishment in polluted harbours around the world since the 1800s (Ruiz et al, 2000). H. elegans is generally thought of as a coppertolerant species (Allen, 1953;Johnston & Keough, 2003;Piola & Johnston, 2007;Dafforn et al, 2008), and exhibits tolerance of TBT (this study), which together may have aided its cosmopolitan dispersal on vessel hulls (Pettengill et al, 2007) and establishment in polluted harbours around the world since the 1800s (Ruiz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Invader Distribution In Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Links between estuarine condition and spatial distributions of marine invaders

Dafforn

Glasby

Johnston

2009

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Non‐indigenous species pose a significant threat to the environment and to global economies. Predictive and preventative measures are widely considered more effective in curtailing invasions than are eradication or control measures. Of key importance in the prediction of regional invasion risk are the environmental conditions that enable successful establishment. Location We surveyed native and non‐indigenous sessile invertebrate diversity in each of two commercial (600–1500 vessels per year) and two recreational estuaries (seven to nine marinas) in New South Wales, Australia. Methods A nested hierarchical design was employed to investigate variation in sessile invertebrate diversity at the scales of site (1–3 km apart) and estuary (40–180 km apart). Settlement plates (15 × 15 cm) were used to sample invertebrates and background heavy metal loads were assessed using bioaccumulation in experimentally deployed oysters. Other physico‐chemical variables were monitored monthly. Manipulative experiments were used to test the direct effects of exposure to copper and tributyltin (TBT) antifouling paints on sessile invertebrates. Results Native and non‐indigenous species richness differed at various spatial scales, but showed no consistent difference between commercial and recreational estuaries. Instead, individual species distributions were strongly related to metal contamination, temperature, turbidity and pH. In experimental studies, several species (mostly invaders) were more abundant on plates exposed to copper and/or TBT antifouling paints. We found higher levels of copper (and in some instances TBT) in recreational marinas than in commercial harbours. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate the importance of metal pollution and physico‐chemical variables in the establishment of invaders in new regions. We have identified several native Australian species that have been exported overseas and suggested mechanisms contributing to their transport and establishment. Combining physico‐chemical information about donor and recipient regions with species tolerances could go some way to predicting where future invasions may occur.

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Section: Invader Distribution In Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Links between estuarine condition and spatial distributions of marine invaders

Dafforn

Glasby

Johnston

2009

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Genetic analysis should be facilitated by a genome distributed in 13 chromosomes (Vitturi et al, 1984), and sequencing of its 700 Mbp genome is not particularly challenging. Substantial genetic polymorphisms are expected given the worldwide distribution of interconnected populations (Pettengill et al, 2007), and sampling during our cDNA cloning efforts is consistent with high sequence diversity. Protrandric hermaphroditism could in principle allow self-fertilization of eggs with frozen sperm from the male phase of the same individual, but, to our knowledge, this has never been attempted.…”

Section: Experimental Advantages and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Development of a feeding trochophore in the polychaete Hydroides elegans

Arenas-Mena¹,

Li²

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Hydroides elegans is an indirectly developing polychaete with equal spiral cleavage, gastrulation by invagination, and a feeding trochophore. Expression of several transcription factors and differentiation genes has been characterized. Comparative analysis reveals evolutionarily conserved roles. For example, the synexpression of transcription factors FoxA and Brachyury suggests homology of primary and secondary gut openings in protostomes and deuterostomes, and the expression of Sall suggests similar regulatory controls in the posterior growth zone of bilaterians. Differences in gene expression suggest regulatory differences control gastrulation by invagination in polychaetes with a feeding trochophore and gastrulation by epiboly in polychaetes without a feeding trochophore. Association of histone variant H2A.Z with transcriptional potency and its expression suggest a developmental role during both embryogenesis and the larva-to-adult transformation. Methods are being developed for experimental exploration of the gene regulatory networks involved in trochophore development in Hydroides. It is unknown if polychaete feeding trochophores evolved from a larval stage already present in the life cycle of the last common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes. Previous evolutionary scenarios about larval origins overemphasize the discontinuity between larval and adult development and require the early evolution of undifferentiated and transcriptionally potent "set aside" cells. Indirect development may proceed by developmental remodeling of differentiated cells and could have evolved after gradual transformation of juveniles into larvae; undifferentiated and transcriptionally potent cells would have evolved secondarily. Comprehensive characterization of gene regulatory networks for feeding trochophore development may help resolve these major evolutionary questions. KEY WORDS: bilaterian, posterior growth, serpulid, annelidHydroides elegans, a polychaete with a feeding trochophore Characterization of polychaetes with a feeding trochophore, such as Hydroides elegans ( Fig. 1 and Table 1), is relevant to understand the developmental evolution of complex life cycles in spiralians. Embryonic development in polychaetes conforms to the presence or absence of a feeding trochophore (Fig. 2). In the genus Hydroides (Eupomatus), embryogenesis ends in a feeding trochophore endowed with an equatorial ciliary band, a protonephridium, various sensory organs, and a functional gut formed after gastrulation by invagination (Hatschek, 1885;Shearer, 1911). Blastomeres 4d and 2d22 are inconspicuous and fated to contribute to the mesodermal and ectodermal portions of the segmented body that will have primarily a reproductive role; the Int. J. Dev. Biol. 58: 575-583 (2014) growth and proliferation of 4d and 2d22 are feeding-dependent. In contrast, during embryogenesis in polychaetes without feeding larvae, blastomeres 4d and 2d are relatively large and immediately engage in the formation of segments (Fig. 2). In addition to la...

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“…Human-mediated dispersal could significantly alter these dynamics, however. For instance, Pettengill et al (2007) have observed only very slight genetic differentiation between widely separated populations of the invasive, dispersal-limited polychaete Hydroides elegans, and suggest that frequent anthropogenic transport of adults and larvae may mitigate natural limits to population connectivity. Similarly, oyster farming probably contributes substantially to the regional expansion of the invasive gastropod Ocinebrellus inornatus in France, despite the lack of a dispersive larval phase (Martel et al 2004).…”

Section: Dispersal and Range Expansion Of Nematostella Vectensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-mediated transport determines the non-native distribution of the anemone Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited estuarine invertebrate

Darling

Kuenzi²,

Reitzel³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sessile invertebrates are common invaders of estuarine ecosystems. To expand their non-native ranges, these invasive taxa must contend with the geographically and ecologically discontinuous nature of estuarine habitats, in many cases without the benefit of highly dispersive larval phases. In addition, their population dynamics may reflect contributions from both sexual and asexual reproduction. Here we use genetic methods to explore the population structure of Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited salt marsh anemone, along the Pacific coast of North America. Analysis of 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci reveals that asexual reproduction is critical to both maintenance of local population density and regional population expansion. While high levels of genetic differentiation among populations (F ST > 0.3) reflect general restrictions to natural dispersal, the observation of 2 clones distributed across multiple, widely separated sampling sites indicates that long distance dispersal of adult anemones is a major contributor to the spread of N. vectensis. We argue that anthropogenic transport represents the most likely mechanism driving this spread, although rafting may offer an alternative explanation for the observed distribution.

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Biofouling likely serves as a major mode of dispersal for the polychaete tubewormHydroides elegansas inferred from microsatellite loci

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

Links between estuarine condition and spatial distributions of marine invaders

Links between estuarine condition and spatial distributions of marine invaders

Development of a feeding trochophore in the polychaete Hydroides elegans

Human-mediated transport determines the non-native distribution of the anemone Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited estuarine invertebrate

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