Biofuel Cells

Paper-based sustainable biosensors

“…35 The transducer-based output signals include optical (e.g., absorbance, luminescence, chemiluminescence, and surface plasmon), 36 mass (e.g., piezoelectric and magnetoelectric), 37 thermometric, 38 and electrochemical signals. 39 Electrochemical biosensors can be categorized into amperometric, potentiometric, voltammetric, impedimetric/ conductometric, and capacitive sensors. 22 By using electronics and signal processors, biosensing and bioelectronic devices have been effectively utilized in several fields such as environmental monitoring, drug screening, clinical diagnostics, and governing of food quality.…”