Biofuel cells and their development

Bullen, R.A.; Arnot, Tom; Lakeman, J.B.; Walsh, Frank C.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.030

Cited by 950 publications

(568 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

545

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This energy conversion technology is a promising sustainable implantable electrical energy source to power several biomedical devices, such as pacemakers, neuromorphic circuits, artificial organs, implantable sensor and monitoring devices and drug delivery systems [103][104][105][106]. Zhou et al [105] proved the concept of biofuel cells to power drug delivery systems.…”

Section: The Use Of Implantable Biofuel Cells For a Self-powered Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Alshammary

Walsh

Herrasti

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last 40 years, electrically conductive polymers have become well established as important electrode materials. Polyanilines, polythiophenes and polypyrroles have received particular attention due to their ease of synthesis, chemical stability, mechanical robustness and the ability to tailor their properties. Electrochemical synthesis of these materials as films have proved to be a robust and simple way to realise surface layers with controlled thickness, electrical conductivity and ion transport. In the last decade, the biomedical compatibility of electrodeposited polymers has become recognised; in particular, polypyrroles have been studied extensively and can provide an effective route to pharmaceutical drug release. The factors controlling the electrodeposition of this polymer from practical electrolytes are considered in this review including electrolyte composition and operating conditions such as the temperature and electrode potential. Voltammetry and current-time behaviour are seen to be effective techniques for film characterisation during and after their formation. The degree of take-up and the rate of drug release depend greatly on the structure, composition and oxidation state of the polymer film. Specialised aspects are considered, including galvanic cells with a Mg anode, use of catalytic nanomotors or implantable biofuel cells for a self-powered drug delivery system and nanoporous surfaces and nanostructures. Following a survey of polymer and drug types, progress in this field is summarised and aspects requiring further research are highlighted.

show abstract

Section: The Use Of Implantable Biofuel Cells For a Self-powered Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Alshammary

Walsh

Herrasti

et al. 2015

J Solid State Electrochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nowadays, this charge transfer process is a central issue in the development of nanobiotechnological devices, such as biosensors for health monitoring or enzymatic fuel cells [3][4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its adaptability and ease of preparation, conducting polymers have been also used as 4 promoters of DET to several redox proteins and, particularly, to cyt c. Polyaniline (PANI) is, probably, the most studied synthetic conducting material, but the lack of electrical conductivity observed at neutral pH hampers its use in biological systems. Self-doped polyanilines could be adopted for this application but due to their low activity for DET reactions, they were mainly used as protein entrappers in combination with carbon materials [40][41][42] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The direct electron transfer (DET) to redox proteins has become a central topic in the development of biotechnological devices. The present work explores the mechanisms of the direct electrochemistry between cytochrome c and a conducting polymer, PEDOT-PSS. This polymer has been electrosynthesized from its monomers in aqueous solution on gold electrodes and its capabilities for DET to cyt c have been examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. The polymer was electrodeposited with controlled thickness and we determined the electron transfer rate constant for cyt c oxidation was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those obtained at conventional electrodes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements allowed to evaluate the redox state of the polymer as a function of the potential and, in addition, the observation of intrinsic cyt c redox activity upon electron transfer from the conducting polymer. During the oxidation process of this protein, lysine residues placed near the heme crevice interact electrostatically with the anionic polyelectrolyte PSS. This interaction favors the orientation of the heme group towards the chains of PEDOT backbone, which is the eventual responsible for the electron transfer to the protein.3

show abstract

“…But because the enzyme cannot efficiently transfer the electrons to the electrode, it requires additional components (either small molecule redox mediators or redox polymers), which make the system more complex and less stable. 14 The vast majority of oxidoreductase enzymes that require MET are NAD + dependent; the most common of these used in biofuel cell anodes are glucose dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The half-cell electrochemistry and biofuel cell operation of these enzymes have been thoroughly characterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid depletion in global nonrenewable energy stores has prompted a dramatic increase in both academic and industrial research toward alternate means of energy conversion. Although improbable as a single solution to the problem, fuel cells provide many potential contributions in the form of performance combined with scalability. Fuel cells have demonstrated high levels of power production through the consumption of renewable resources in an easily engineered small scale device that operates under mild conditions and could potentially replace today's ubiquitous batteries. Many evaluate energy conversion devices on the basis of the amount of energy converted per unit volume [energy density (Whr/L)] or per unit mass [specific energy (Whr/kg)]. Fuel cells not only rival battery performance in these terms, but also do not require time-consuming charging and do not suffer from the severe hysteresis effects seen in secondary batteries. However, many of these devices use expensive precious metal catalysts that often limit their commercial viability. Passivation by carbon monoxide or other byproducts causes losses in power production over time, and these devices often require high temperatures and harsh conditions to operate efficiently.Thus, many researchers have looked to nature to assist in our current energy conversion needs. Because of biological versatility and efficiency, organisms are able to convert enormous amounts of energy from an incomparable range of chemical substrates. Many researchers have examined ways of harnessing this ability using biofuel cells. Biofuel cells replace the metal catalyst with a biological catalyst: a microbe, enzyme, or even organelle interacting with an electrode surface. 1-3 These types of catalysts offer great benefits in catalytic activity, specificity, and cost. However, development and full evaluation of these dynamic and often sensitive bioelectrochemical systems require a diverse range of expertise. This article will focus on the current techniques used to evaluate the integrity, kinetics, and performance of enzymatic biofuel cells and the applications of the devices. The techniques described span not only the obvious electroanalytical characterization methods needed to evaluate a power source or analytical device, but also common biological and materials characterization techniques. Enzymatic biofuel cells are in an early stage of development, so new analytical techniques are being employed to understand the advantages and limitations of this technology and the engineering design envelope for applications. SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUESEnzymatic biofuel cells employ oxidoreductase enzymes capable of catalyzing redox reactions. Enzymes that are free in solution ROBERT GATES Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 9538-9545 10

show abstract

Biofuel cells and their development

Cited by 950 publications

References 89 publications

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Electrodeposited conductive polymers for controlled drug release: polypyrrole

Direct Electron Transfer to Cytochrome c Induced by a Conducting Polymer

Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About