Biofuel Economics

Klein‐Marcuschamer, Daniel; Holmes, Brad; Simmons, Blake A.; Blanch, Harvey W.

doi:10.1002/9780470959138.ch14

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The chemical composition of xylans affects the properties of bread making and beer malting (Vinkx and Delcour, 1996). Xylans are also a target for the improvement of feedstocks for the generation of cellulosic biofuels, a currently expensive and inefficient process (Yang and Wyman, 2004; Carroll and Somerville, 2009; Klein-Marcuschamer et al, 2011). Xylans, cellulose, and lignin are important structural components of the plant cell wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Novel Rice Genes Closely Related to the ArabidopsisIRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 Genes and Their Roles in Xylan Biosynthesis

Chiniquy¹,

Varanasi²,

Oh³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, and represents a major component of both dicot wood and the cell walls of grasses. Much knowledge has been gained from studies of xylan biosynthesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis. In particular, the irregular xylem (irx) mutants, named for their collapsed xylem cells, have been essential in gaining a greater understanding of the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis. In contrast, xylan biosynthesis in grass cell walls is poorly understood. We identified three rice genes Os07g49370 (OsIRX9), Os01g48440 (OsIRX9L), and Os06g47340 (OsIRX14), from glycosyltransferase family 43 as putative orthologs to the putative β-1,4-xylan backbone elongating Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes, respectively. We demonstrate that the over-expression of the closely related rice genes, in full or partly complement the two well-characterized Arabidopsis irregular xylem (irx) mutants: irx9 and irx14. Complementation was assessed by measuring dwarfed phenotypes, irregular xylem cells in stem cross sections, xylose content of stems, xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity of stems, and stem strength. The expression of OsIRX9 in the irx9 mutant resulted in XylT activity of stems that was over double that of wild type plants, and the stem strength of this line increased to 124% above that of wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that OsIRX9/OsIRX9L, and OsIRX14, have similar functions to the Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 genes, respectively. Furthermore, our expression data indicate that OsIRX9 and OsIRX9L may function in building the xylan backbone in the secondary and primary cell walls, respectively. Our results provide insight into xylan biosynthesis in rice and how expression of a xylan synthesis gene may be modified to increase stem strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Novel Rice Genes Closely Related to the ArabidopsisIRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 Genes and Their Roles in Xylan Biosynthesis

Chiniquy¹,

Varanasi²,

Oh³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The utilization of enzymes for the conversion of biomass into fermentable products has been demonstrated to be a viable and promising approach toward the development of cost-effective biofuels [1,2]. Cellulases catalyze the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose, the most abundant biomass polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of a carbohydrate-binding module enhances cellulase penetration into cellulose substrates

Reyes-Ortiz

Heins

Cheng

et al. 2013

Biotechnol Biofuels

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IntroductionCellulases are of great interest for application in biomass degradation, yet the molecular details of the mode of action of glycoside hydrolases during degradation of insoluble cellulose remain elusive. To further improve these enzymes for application at industrial conditions, it is critical to gain a better understanding of not only the details of the degradation process, but also the function of accessory modules.MethodWe fused a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from family 2a to two thermophilic endoglucanases. We then applied neutron reflectometry to determine the mechanism of the resulting enhancements.ResultsCatalytic activity of the chimeric enzymes was enhanced up to three fold on insoluble cellulose substrates as compared to wild type. Importantly, we demonstrate that the wild type enzymes affect primarily the surface properties of an amorphous cellulose film, while the chimeras containing a CBM alter the bulk properties of the amorphous film.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the CBM improves the efficiency of these cellulases by enabling digestion within the bulk of the film.

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“…Furthermore, to overcome the high IL cost, the authors proposed obtaining revenue from the remaining lignin. 316 The authors analyzed the sensitivity of the influence of different lignin selling prices on the MESP and found that the MESP could be fully modulated, even decreasing to 0 at the highest IL price (50 $/kg), at an IL recycling ratio of 99.6% and an IL:biomass ratio of 1. Nevertheless, under these conditions, to achieve an MESP of 0, the required lignin selling price was excessively expensive (5 $/kg), while at a lower IL price, the lignin selling price decreased, as shown in Figure 69A.…”

Section: Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of most studies have agreed that the high cost of ILs is the main barrier for implementing these processes. 316,320,321,325 To overcome this disadvantage, process configurations that require lower IL consumption should be explored. For example, Sen et al developed a process including initial dilute-acid and subsequent IL-based hydrolysis steps.…”

Section: Biomass Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulation and Optimization on Ionic Liquids

Palomar,

Lemus,

Navarro

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising alternative compounds that enable the development of technologies based on their unique properties as solvents or catalysts. These technologies require integrated product and process designs to select ILs with optimal process performances at an industrial scale to promote cost-effective and sustainable technologies. The digital era and multiscale research methodologies have changed the paradigm from experiment-oriented to hybrid experimental−computational developments guided by process engineering. This Review summarizes the relevant contributions (>300 research papers) of process simulations to advance IL-based technology developments by guiding experimental research efforts and enhancing industrial transferability. Robust simulation methodologies, mostly based on predictive COSMO-SAC/RS and UNIFAC models in Aspen Plus software, were applied to analyze key IL applications: physical and chemical CO 2 capture, CO 2 conversion, gas separation, liquid−liquid extraction, extractive distillation, refrigeration cycles, and biorefinery. The contributions concern the IL selection criteria, operational unit design, equipment sizing, technoeconomic and environmental analyses, and process optimization to promote the competitiveness of the proposed IL-based technologies. Process simulation revealed that multiscale research strategies enable advancement in the technological development of IL applications by focusing research efforts to overcome the limitations and exploit the excellent properties of ILs.

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Biofuel Economics

Cited by 7 publications

References 85 publications

Three Novel Rice Genes Closely Related to the ArabidopsisIRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 Genes and Their Roles in Xylan Biosynthesis

Three Novel Rice Genes Closely Related to the ArabidopsisIRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 Genes and Their Roles in Xylan Biosynthesis

Addition of a carbohydrate-binding module enhances cellulase penetration into cellulose substrates

Process Simulation and Optimization on Ionic Liquids

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